QAY25噸(dun)全(quan)地(di)麵(mian)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)是(shi)徐(xu)州(zhou)重(zhong)型(xing)機(ji)械(xie)廠(chang)引(yin)進(jin)國(guo)外(wai)先(xian)進(jin)技(ji)術(shu),並(bing)結(jie)合(he)汽(qi)車(che)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)成(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)先(xian)進(jin)技(ji)術(shu)經(jing)驗(yan),最(zui)新(xin)研(yan)製(zhi)開(kai)發(fa)設(she)計(ji)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)新(xin)產(chan)品(pin),該(gai)產(chan)品(pin)已(yi)經(jing)通(tong)過(guo)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)鑒(jian)定(ding),在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)、外同行中已引起很大反響,標誌著中國起重機的研發製造水平又邁上了一個新台階。本產品液壓係統設計具有很多優點;采用液壓先導比例控製技術,開式變量泵定量馬達係統,采用LRDS恒功率控製泵及液壓比例、負載敏感控製閥;具有全橋轉向、油氣懸掛功能等特點。液壓元件采用國際化配套,具有國外知名品牌,係統設計及元件選型具有高起點、高品位、高性能等優點。
一、動力元件
動力元件為三聯泵,1號泵為斜盤式柱塞泵,提供主起升,副起升,變幅,伸縮所需要的動力,采用LRDS帶dai壓ya力li切qie斷duan和he負fu載zai傳chuan感gan閥fa的de恒heng功gong率lv控kong製zhi變bian量liang泵beng。恒heng功gong率lv控kong製zhi調tiao節jie工gong作zuo壓ya力li及ji泵beng的de輸shu出chu流liu量liang,以yi致zhi在zai大da負fu載zai或huo複fu合he動dong作zuo時shi不bu超chao過guo預yu定ding的de驅qu動dong功gong率lv,避bi免mian發fa動dong機ji熄xi火huo。壓ya力li切qie斷duan即ji恒heng壓ya控kong製zhi,當dang達da到dao預yu先xian設she定ding的de壓ya力li值zhi時shi,它ta使shi泵beng向xiang小xiao排pai量liang擺bai回hui,此ci功gong能neng優you先xian於yu恒heng功gong率lv控kong製zhi;負(fu)載(zai)傳(chuan)感(gan)閥(fa)是(shi)個(ge)流(liu)量(liang)控(kong)製(zhi)閥(fa),它(ta)根(gen)據(ju)比(bi)例(li)換(huan)向(xiang)閥(fa)前(qian)後(hou)壓(ya)差(cha)來(lai)工(gong)作(zuo)以(yi)調(tiao)節(jie)泵(beng)的(de)流(liu)量(liang),使(shi)之(zhi)適(shi)應(ying)執(zhi)行(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)。恒(heng)功(gong)率(lv)控(kong)製(zhi)和(he)壓(ya)力(li)切(qie)斷(duan)優(you)先(xian)於(yu)負(fu)載(zai)傳(chuan)感(gan)閥(fa)。采(cai)用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)控(kong)製(zhi)方(fang)式(shi),使(shi)泵(beng)控(kong)品(pin)質(zhi)和(he)節(jie)能(neng)效(xiao)果(guo)大(da)為(wei)提(ti)高(gao);2號泵為齒輪泵,供回轉和下車支腿、懸掛、轉向係統;3haobengcaiyongxiaopailiangchilunbeng,weixiandaokongzhitigongdongliyouyuan,tongguoxiandaoshoubingdecaozuolaikongzhizhufaxindeweiyi,congershixianqizhongzuoyedegezhongdongzuo,zhezhongdanduweixiandaogongyoudekongzhifangshi,bimianlezhuyouluyali、流量的不穩定所造成的幹擾。
二、控製元件
主閥(見圖一):控製起重作業的主起升,副起升,變幅和伸縮,采用LV負載敏感、液壓比例控製閥。在起重作業過程中,負載壓力通過主閥反饋口XL反(fan)饋(kui)到(dao)泵(beng)上(shang),當(dang)泵(beng)出(chu)口(kou)壓(ya)力(li)與(yu)負(fu)載(zai)壓(ya)力(li)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)壓(ya)差(cha)增(zeng)大(da)或(huo)減(jian)小(xiao)時(shi),泵(beng)的(de)擺(bai)角(jiao)減(jian)小(xiao)或(huo)增(zeng)大(da),使(shi)泵(beng)的(de)流(liu)量(liang)減(jian)小(xiao)或(huo)增(zeng)大(da),從(cong)而(er)保(bao)持(chi)換(huan)向(xiang)閥(fa)前(qian)後(hou)壓(ya)差(cha)不(bu)變(bian),使(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)速(su)度(du)不(bu)受(shou)負(fu)載(zai)影(ying)響(xiang)而(er)保(bao)持(chi)恒(heng)定(ding);換向閥閥芯的位移能根據先導閥的壓力信號進行比例變化,從而能有效地控製各執行機構的動作。伸縮和變幅兩個動作所需要的A、Vkoubutongliuliangzaifaneibujiuyijingjiejue,buxuyaozaiwaibuzengjialiuliangtiaojiefa,bingqiekeyigenjushijiqingkuangduiyalijinxingzhongxintiaojie。zhufaneisheyouzhuyiliufahecijiyiliufa,zhuyiliufakongzhizhenggexitongdezuigaoyali,meipianfazhongdecijiyiliufa,yongyubaohugezhixingyuanjianheguanlubushouguogaoyalisunhai。

回轉閥:控(kong)製(zhi)起(qi)重(zhong)作(zuo)業(ye)的(de)回(hui)轉(zhuan)動(dong)作(zuo),回(hui)轉(zhuan)主(zhu)閥(fa)為(wei)液(ye)控(kong)比(bi)例(li)換(huan)向(xiang)閥(fa),實(shi)際(ji)壓(ya)力(li),流(liu)量(liang)與(yu)負(fu)載(zai)有(you)關(guan),負(fu)載(zai)無(wu)動(dong)作(zuo)時(shi),低(di)壓(ya)卸(xie)荷(he)。而(er)且(qie),回(hui)轉(zhuan)還(hai)具(ju)有(you)自(zi)由(you)滑(hua)轉(zhuan)、回轉緩衝性能,使起重機在起動和製動時都比較平穩。回轉緩衝閥內設有自由滑轉電磁閥,其作用是:zaiqidiaozhongwuguochengzhong,tebieshidangzhongwujiangyaolikaidimianshi,diaobihuishoudaocexianglali,weifangzhidiaobiwanquhuozheduan,zheshikeanxiaziyouhuazhuankongzhikaiguan,shidehuizhuanzhidongkongzhidiancifaheziyouhuazhuandiancifatongshiyoudian,jianghuizhuanmadalianggongzuokouyoulugoutong,tongshihuizhuanzhidongqiyebeidakai,zheyangzhenggeshangchebufenjiuchuyufudongzhuangtai,diaobizaigangsishengladongxiazidongbaixiangzhongwudezhongxinshangfang,congerbaohulediaobi。
控製閥:采用一種邏輯集成控製裝置,在集成單元裏采用螺紋插裝式邏輯梭閥、單向閥、電磁閥,通過邏輯順序關係,實現對液壓係統的變量泵、液控比例換向閥、定ding量liang馬ma達da等deng液ye壓ya元yuan件jian的de控kong製zhi和he工gong作zuo裝zhuang置zhi的de安an全quan保bao護hu控kong製zhi,達da到dao主zhu機ji所suo要yao求qiu的de性xing能neng。該gai裝zhuang置zhi不bu僅jin簡jian化hua了le繁fan瑣suo邏luo輯ji操cao縱zong過guo程cheng和he程cheng序xu,而er且qie縮suo小xiao安an裝zhuang空kong間jian,減jian少shao由you管guan路lu連lian接jie造zao成cheng泄xie漏lou和he管guan道dao振zhen動dong等deng引yin起qi的de故gu障zhang。提ti高gao了le係xi統tong的de可ke靠kao性xing,簡jian化hua了le操cao作zuo過guo程cheng。控kong製zhi閥fa內nei還hai設she有you三san圈quan保bao護hu、安全卸荷電磁閥等保護裝置,當主、副卷揚卷筒上的鋼絲繩少於三圈時,三圈保護電磁閥有電,鋼絲繩無法繼續下放;安全卸荷電磁閥受力矩限製器控製,當負載力矩達到或超過設計值時,電磁閥有電,所有使力矩增大的動作均不能工作。
先導閥:用(yong)兩(liang)個(ge)比(bi)例(li)減(jian)壓(ya)式(shi)先(xian)導(dao)閥(fa)去(qu)控(kong)製(zhi)液(ye)控(kong)比(bi)例(li)多(duo)路(lu)換(huan)向(xiang)閥(fa)和(he)液(ye)控(kong)比(bi)例(li)回(hui)轉(zhuan)換(huan)向(xiang)閥(fa),由(you)於(yu)先(xian)導(dao)手(shou)柄(bing)的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)壓(ya)力(li)與(yu)擺(bai)角(jiao)成(cheng)正(zheng)比(bi),換(huan)向(xiang)閥(fa)閥(fa)芯(xin)的(de)位(wei)移(yi)與(yu)先(xian)導(dao)閥(fa)的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)壓(ya)力(li)成(cheng)正(zheng)比(bi),所(suo)以(yi)起(qi)重(zhong)作(zuo)業(ye)的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)動(dong)作(zuo)與(yu)先(xian)導(dao)手(shou)柄(bing)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)角(jiao)度(du)成(cheng)正(zheng)比(bi),操(cao)作(zuo)者(zhe)可(ke)通(tong)過(guo)操(cao)縱(zong)先(xian)導(dao)手(shou)柄(bing)的(de)移(yi)動(dong)方(fang)向(xiang)和(he)位(wei)移(yi)大(da)小(xiao)來(lai)控(kong)製(zhi)各(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)機(ji)構(gou)的(de)運(yun)動(dong)方(fang)向(xiang)及(ji)運(yun)動(dong)速(su)度(du),隻(zhi)要(yao)手(shou)柄(bing)輕(qing)輕(qing)一(yi)動(dong),就(jiu)能(neng)實(shi)現(xian)起(qi)重(zhong)作(zuo)業(ye)的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)動(dong)作(zuo),操(cao)作(zuo)不(bu)僅(jin)靈(ling)活(huo)方(fang)便(bian),舒(shu)適(shi)自(zi)如(ru),使(shi)勞(lao)動(dong)強(qiang)度(du)大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低(di),而(er)且(qie)布(bu)置(zhi)美(mei)觀(guan)大(da)方(fang),深(shen)受(shou)用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)歡(huan)迎(ying)和(he)喜(xi)愛(ai)。
三、執行元件
起升馬達、回(hui)轉(zhuan)馬(ma)達(da)均(jun)為(wei)定(ding)量(liang)馬(ma)達(da),當(dang)壓(ya)力(li)不(bu)變(bian)時(shi),能(neng)提(ti)供(gong)恒(heng)定(ding)的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)扭(niu)矩(ju),保(bao)證(zheng)起(qi)重(zhong)平(ping)穩(wen)性(xing)。起(qi)升(sheng)馬(ma)達(da)和(he)平(ping)衡(heng)閥(fa)做(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)體(ti),使(shi)管(guan)路(lu)連(lian)接(jie)變(bian)得(de)簡(jian)單(dan),減(jian)少(shao)了(le)由(you)管(guan)路(lu)連(lian)接(jie)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)泄(xie)漏(lou)和(he)管(guan)道(dao)振(zhen)動(dong)。為(wei)保(bao)護(hu)馬(ma)達(da),防(fang)止(zhi)馬(ma)達(da)因(yin)過(guo)載(zai)(衝擊)而損壞,起升馬達內裝有過載保護安全閥。起升平衡閥采用BVD進jin口kou平ping衡heng閥fa,主zhu油you路lu壓ya力li油you則ze通tong過guo起qi升sheng平ping衡heng閥fa內nei的de梭suo閥fa經jing減jian壓ya閥fa減jian壓ya後hou開kai啟qi起qi升sheng製zhi動dong器qi,從cong而er進jin行xing正zheng常chang的de起qi升sheng或huo下xia降jiang動dong作zuo。起qi升sheng平ping衡heng閥fa利li用yong主zhu油you路lu工gong作zuo壓ya力li作zuo為wei反fan饋kui壓ya力li,控kong製zhi製zhi動dong器qi的de製zhi動dong力li矩ju起qi到dao安an全quan保bao護hu作zuo用yong,可ke以yi有you效xiao防fang止zhi重zhong物wu在zai下xia放fang過guo程cheng中zhong產chan生sheng失shi速su現xian象xiang,保bao證zheng重zhong物wu下xia降jiang速su度du平ping穩wen可ke靠kao,提ti高gao了le安an全quan性xing能neng,從cong而er可ke以yi避bi免mian打da夯hang和he微wei動dong性xing差cha(抖動)等現象。(見圖二)
變bian幅fu油you路lu根gen據ju重zhong力li下xia降jiang的de原yuan理li,采cai用yong先xian導dao操cao縱zong式shi平ping衡heng閥fa,使shi吊diao臂bi下xia落luo的de速su度du完wan全quan由you先xian導dao比bi例li減jian壓ya閥fa來lai無wu級ji控kong製zhi,落luo臂bi時shi平ping穩wen可ke靠kao,而er與yu負fu載zai無wu關guan。伸shen縮suo油you缸gang活huo塞sai杆gan的de頭tou部bu裝zhuang有you插cha裝zhuang式shi平ping衡heng閥fa,控kong製zhi吊diao臂bi回hui縮suo過guo程cheng的de平ping穩wen性xing,結jie構gou緊jin湊cou,安an裝zhuang方fang便bian。
另外,本產品還具有油氣懸掛功能,利用懸掛油缸支撐車體和蓄能器的吸收衝擊原理,比傳統的鋼板彈簧具有更優越的減振性能;tongshi,dangcheliangxingshizaibupinglumianshi,chejiajuyouzidongtiaopinggongneng,bujinbaozhengcheshendeshuiping,erqiejianshaolezhendong,tigaolecheliangdexingshipingshunxing,shijiashiyuangandaocaozuogengshushi,jianqinglepilao;當車輛涉淺水或涵洞時,該機還具備車身升降功能,比普通車輛有更優良的通過性。
全(quan)地(di)麵(mian)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)液(ye)壓(ya)係(xi)統(tong)設(she)計(ji)在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)處(chu)於(yu)領(ling)先(xian)地(di)位(wei),不(bu)僅(jin)具(ju)有(you)很(hen)好(hao)的(de)微(wei)動(dong)性(xing)能(neng),省(sheng)時(shi)省(sheng)力(li)等(deng)優(you)點(dian),而(er)且(qie)在(zai)一(yi)些(xie)具(ju)體(ti)細(xi)節(jie)設(she)計(ji)方(fang)麵(mian)還(hai)有(you)許(xu)多(duo)優(you)越(yue)性(xing)能(neng)。它(ta)的(de)試(shi)製(zhi)成(cheng)功(gong),體(ti)現(xian)了(le)前(qian)期(qi)的(de)設(she)計(ji)思(si)想(xiang)與(yu)設(she)計(ji)水(shui)平(ping),體(ti)現(xian)了(le)液(ye)壓(ya)係(xi)統(tong)設(she)計(ji)、元(yuan)件(jian)選(xuan)型(xing)以(yi)及(ji)液(ye)壓(ya)元(yuan)件(jian)匹(pi)配(pei)的(de)合(he)理(li)性(xing)。這(zhe)一(yi)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)試(shi)製(zhi)成(cheng)功(gong),使(shi)全(quan)地(di)麵(mian)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)研(yan)發(fa)設(she)計(ji)進(jin)入(ru)了(le)一(yi)種(zhong)新(xin)的(de)領(ling)域(yu),同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)為(wei)我(wo)們(men)今(jin)後(hou)的(de)新(xin)品(pin)設(she)計(ji)和(he)開(kai)發(fa)打(da)下(xia)了(le)堅(jian)實(shi)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)。
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