冶金起重機的技術指導（3）

    1.7人機工程合理化
、caozuohuanjingshushihuasuizheshehuidejinbu，huanbaoyishihelaodongbaohuyishidetigao，yejinqizhongjishejiguochengzhongbarenjigongchengjicaozuohuanjingshushiyaoqiutidaolejiaogaodeyaoqiu，ru：司機室加裝冷、暖空調、隔熱保護、地麵無線遙控、車上有線和無線通訊、航空座椅、司機休息室，上
、下吊車全部采用斜梯、電dian氣qi室shi加jia裝zhuang隔ge熱re防fang護hu和he冷leng風feng機ji，較jiao窄zhai的de人ren行xing通tong道dao采cai取qu防fang滑hua措cuo施shi，經jing常chang檢jian修xiu部bu分fen加jia裝zhuang吊diao籠long等deng都dou為wei操cao作zuo維wei護hu人ren員yuan提ti供gong了le較jiao好hao的de工gong作zuo環huan境jing和he條tiao件jian。特te別bie是shi雙shuang層ceng壁bi、雙層玻璃的司機室與可躺式航空座椅

、冷暖空調、有線、無線通訊配合使用。為改善司機的工作條件、提高工作效率
、減少工作失誤起到了很好的作用。人機工程合理化正逐步成為現代冶金起重機發展的主要趨勢之一，越來越引起人們的重視。
　　2.典型結構和傳動型式的分析和認識2.1zhuzaoqizhongjizhuqishengjigoudefazhanqushizhuzaoqizhongjizhuchuandongcaiyongxingxingjiansujiyingchengweixiandaizhuzaoqizhongjifazhandequshi。xianzaizaiyongdezhuzaoqizhongjidabufenshicaiyongjilunjizhaochuandong
，zhisuoyicaiyongjilunjizhaodechuandongyoulianggeyuanyin，yishijilunjizhaoduibaozhengzhuzaoqizhongjideanquanyunxingqueyouqiyoudian。ershixingxingjiansujizuichuzaizhuzaoqizhongjishangshiyongshilianxuchuguojiciwenti，yejinbuzhuanmenxiawenduixingxingchuandongyuyitingyong。jingguojishiniandefansi，yijixingxingjiansujizaijinkouzhuzaoqizhongjishangshiyongyanzhengdelianghaoyejihekongzhijiancejishudefazhan。womenrenweixingxingchuandongzaizhuzaoqizhongjishangdeyingyongjiangzhubukuoda，yuanyinyouer，qiyixingxingchuandongjibenjubeiyuanjilunjizhaochuandongdeyoudian
，haikeshixiandandianjichangshijianlianxuanquanyunxing
；其(qi)二(er)對(dui)以(yi)前(qian)星(xing)形(xing)傳(chuan)動(dong)造(zao)成(cheng)事(shi)故(gu)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)的(de)認(ren)識(shi)逐(zhu)步(bu)趨(qu)於(yu)一(yi)致(zhi)，即(ji)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)問(wen)題(ti)而(er)非(fei)原(yuan)理(li)性(xing)問(wen)題(ti)，隻(zhi)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)改(gai)進(jin)和(he)完(wan)善(shan)設(she)計(ji)就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)避(bi)免(mian)，加(jia)之(zhi)電(dian)氣(qi)控(kong)製(zhi)監(jian)測(ce)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)進(jin)步(bu)
，星(xing)形(xing)傳(chuan)動(dong)的(de)安(an)全(quan)運(yun)行(xing)已(yi)經(jing)可(ke)以(yi)得(de)到(dao)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)保(bao)證(zheng)。
　　2.2板坯夾鉗起重機的夾鉗裝置重力夾鉗、電動開閉的重力夾鉗
、donglijiaqiansanzhongjiaqianzhuangzhizhong，donglijiaqianyinqichengbenjiaogao
，kuodatuiguangshoudaoyidingdeyingxiang，danyouyuqiyouyuedegongzuoxingneng
，tebieshiqiankoukeshixianzhunquedesanweigenzong、可靠夾起梯形坯、jiaogaodegongzuoxiaolvhebusunshiqishenggaodu
，weishixianyejinqiyedezidonghuajuyouwukebinideyoudian。yinerwomenrenweidonglishibanpijiaqianqizhongjizaixiandaiyejinqizhongjifazhanshangjiangzhanyuelaiyuezhongyaodezuoyong。
　　2.3橋架
、小車架整體加工：橋架

、xiaochejiabaokuoyixiedaxingjiegoujianzhengtijiagongshibaozhengyejinqizhongjichanpinzhiliangdeyixiangzhongyaocuoshiheyouxiaotujing。youyuyejinqizhongjigongzuodeteshuxing
，duizhiliangtichulejiaogaodeyaoqiu，xiaochejiazhengtijiagongzhihanzaixiaochejiashangdediandongjidizuo
，zhidongqidizuo
，jiansuqizhichengzuo，juantongzhichengzuo，hexiaochechelunzhichengzuodengjizuoyicixingdihuaxianjiagongercheng

，xianghujiandexingwei、尺寸公差由機床保證，因此裝配工作變得特別簡單。隻要把電動機、製動器、減速器、卷筒、車輪就位即可，不像舊的辦法，它們間的形位
、chicunwuchakaosaidianpianlaitiaojie。jianeryanzhi

，zhexiebujianjiandexingweigongchayoujichuangjingdubaozhengyuzhuangpeigongrendejishudengjiwuguan，paichulerenweiyinsu

，yinerdadatigaolezhuangpeijingduheshiyongxingneng
，tongshiyedadasuoduanleyonghudeweixiushijian。
　　2.4基ji礎chu傳chuan動dong與yu控kong製zhi隨sui著zhe冶ye金jin工gong業ye的de連lian續xu化hua生sheng產chan，要yao求qiu冶ye金jin起qi重zhong機ji具ju有you可ke靠kao性xing高gao，調tiao試shi及ji定ding位wei性xing能neng好hao

，具ju有you故gu障zhang自zi診zhen斷duan，操cao作zuo平ping穩wen舒shu適shi等deng功gong能neng，其qi控kong製zhi結jie構gou為wei：工業PC機+PLC+基礎傳動。基礎傳動采用變頻調速。運行過程由傳統的人為速度控製將逐步過度到準確的PLC位置控製
，工作信息將自動傳給上位機(工業PC)
，最終與整個工廠的管理和控製係統相聯是冶金起重機基礎傳動與控製發展的主要趨勢。
　　2.4.1基礎傳動基礎傳動將以全數字式可控矽定子調壓調速


，變頻調速為主導。起升機構將采用調壓調速或無逆變失敗的可逆變式變頻調速(例如西門子AFE)，運行將以變頻調速為主。
　　2.4.2自動控製：PLC將完成所有自動控製的功能，通過現場總線(如PROFIBUS)shixianduigejigoutiaosuzhuangzhidesudujidingweikongzhi

，gaifangshitongxunxinxiliangda，lianxianjiandan
，kekaoxinggao。duiyubanpilianzhushiyongdebanpijiaqianlianxuzidongduiduo，lianzhahoudegangjuanlianxuzidongduiduo，PLC將根據設定，自動完成定時
、定ding位wei自zi動dong夾jia坯pi，自zi動dong定ding位wei堆dui垛duo，整zheng個ge過guo程cheng將jiang自zi動dong完wan成cheng，重zhong複fu循xun環huan，係xi統tong將jiang具ju有you自zi診zhen斷duan功gong能neng
，以yi確que保bao運yun行xing可ke靠kao性xing。故gu障zhang時shi

，可ke切qie換huan到dao司si機ji人ren工gong操cao作zuo，並bing隨sui時shi從cong任ren一yi工gong藝yi流liu程cheng點dian切qie入ru自zi動dong過guo程cheng，這zhe將jiang使shi效xiao率lv更geng高gao，設she備bei運yun行xing更geng合he理li。
　　2.4.3故障監測與控製
；裝在司機室的PC機或觸摸屏人機界麵，將能夠顯示各機構運行狀態故障信息，並可在PC機上設置工藝要求指令
，下載至PLC。啟動自動控製功能
，實現工藝要求的自動控製過程。工業PC機還可通過通訊實現與工廠管理網的聯網，從而實現生產管理自動化。