在(zai)這(zhe)場(chang)信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)革(ge)命(ming)引(yin)發(fa)的(de)國(guo)際(ji)貿(mao)易(yi)的(de)變(bian)革(ge)中(zhong),對(dui)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)既(ji)是(shi)機(ji)遇(yu),也(ye)是(shi)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。他(ta)們(men)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)希(xi)望(wang)借(jie)機(ji)取(qu)得(de)後(hou)發(fa)優(you)勢(shi),另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)又(you)存(cun)在(zai)資(zi)金(jin)、技術等先天的不足。有的國家甚至對電子商務帶來的貿易創新好處例如公開貿易信息、節約單證成本、zengjiatoumingdudengmeiyouzugouderenshi,duidianzishangwudefazhanmeiyoutouruzugoudezijin。chuqushaoshufazhanzhongguojia,daduoshufazhanzhongguojiachuzaidianzishangwudebianyuan,beidongdijieshoudianzishangwudeziyouhua。duiyufazhanzhongguojiahedaixieshuoshilunwendiqulaishuo,zaijiakuaiwaimaofazhandeguochengzhongzhuazhubingliyonghaodianzishangwudai來的機遇,能為自己創造競爭優勢和趕超機會,可以借此迅速接近發達國家和地區;而忽視它,則有可能繼續落後甚至是喪失原有的優勢,結果可能拉大與發達國家和地區的距離。
我國電子商務雖然起步較晚,但其在國際貿易領域的應用卻發展迅速。我國政府自90年代初開始,就相繼實施了“金橋”、“金卡”、“金關”等一係列工程,己初有成效。1998年3月,中國銀行和世紀互聯網共同完成了國內第一筆電子交易,這意味著我國電子銀行建設的啟動。1998年7月8日,外經貿部組建的“網上中國商品交易市場”正式運行,這是第一個由政府組建的網上交易市場,標誌著我國在網絡貿易方麵邁出了重要的一步。2005年4月1日,我國第一部對電子商務的單獨立法—《電子簽名法》正式開始生效,此法將對我國國際貿易和經濟合作合同訂立產生深刻影響。
2004nian,woguojinchukoumaoyizongeshoucitupowanyimeiyuan,lieshijiedisan。ruhewanchengcongmaoyidaguodaomaoyiqiangguodezhuanxing,ruheliyongdianzishangwusuodailaidechuangxinyoushixunqiumaoyidechangqikechixufazhanmoshi,chengweiwoguozhejieduanwaimaofazhandezhuyaowenti。dianzishangwuyinqidemaoyichuangxinjianggeiwoguojingjijiwaimaoqiyefazhandailaiyixiayingxiang:
(l) 調整外貿產品結構。電子商務的發展,使得知識和技術密集型產品和服務的競爭優勢更加突顯。各類高科技產品、開發軟件、視聽產品、法律服務等產品和服務需在政府產業扶持與出口誘導下快速發展。
(2) 改(gai)變(bian)貿(mao)易(yi)條(tiao)件(jian)。電(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)突(tu)破(po)服(fu)務(wu)貿(mao)易(yi)的(de)時(shi)空(kong)限(xian)製(zhi),為(wei)改(gai)善(shan)我(wo)國(guo)貿(mao)易(yi)條(tiao)件(jian)提(ti)供(gong)良(liang)機(ji)。對(dui)於(yu)我(wo)國(guo),因(yin)為(wei)處(chu)在(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)階(jie)段(duan),在(zai)中(zhong)間(jian)產(chan)品(pin)和(he)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)製(zhi)成(cheng)品(pin)方(fang)麵(mian),商(shang)品(pin)缺(que)乏(fa)相(xiang)對(dui)優(you)勢(shi)。但(dan)是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務(wu)引(yin)導(dao)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)領(ling)域(yu),相(xiang)關(guan)數(shu)字(zi)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)商(shang)品(pin)和(he)服(fu)務(wu),卻(que)具(ju)有(you)共(gong)同(tong)的(de)起(qi)點(dian)。
(3) shenhuawoguoduiwaikaifang。dianzishangwuxiangwomenkaifanglequanqiushichangdemeiyigelingyu,takuodalekemaoyidefanwei,shenhualeguojifengong,gengxinlejiaoyishouduan,gaizaoleguojimaoyidejingjizhutihejingyingfangshi,fenhualeguojixiaofeipianhao,shideguojimaoyidechengbenheshouyijiegoudoufashenglegaibian,congershenhualewoguodeshichangjingjijianshe。
目mu前qian,我wo國guo的de出chu口kou結jie構gou基ji本ben實shi現xian了le勞lao動dong密mi集ji型xing產chan品pin對dui初chu級ji產chan品pin的de替ti代dai轉zhuan型xing。這zhe種zhong替ti代dai能neng夠gou發fa揮hui我wo國guo勞lao動dong力li資zi源yuan豐feng富fu的de優you勢shi,有you利li於yu增zeng加jia就jiu業ye機ji會hui,但dan也ye蘊yun含han著zhe我wo國guo對dui外wai貿mao易yi的de國guo際ji競jing爭zheng優you勢shi麵mian臨lin矛mao盾dun:一方麵根據資源享賦,我國目前具有自然資源和勞動力資源的比較優勢,但是這些比較優勢在國際競爭中不具有競爭優勢;另ling一yi方fang麵mian根gen據ju我wo國guo目mu前qian的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping,這zhe些xie優you勢shi還hai必bi須xu利li用yong。比bi較jiao優you勢shi是shi由you一yi國guo資zi源yuan票piao賦fu和he交jiao易yi條tiao件jian決jue定ding的de靜jing態tai優you勢shi,是shi競jing爭zheng優you勢shi的de基ji礎chu;但比較優勢隻有最終轉化為競爭優勢,才能形成真正的出口競爭力,競爭優勢是國際競爭中更具能動性的因素。
就我國的情況來說,我國對外貿易的生產要素基礎由於長期曆史和政治的原因,至今仍停留在以資源、laodongliyaosuweizhudejieduan,xingchenglecufangxingdeduiwaimaoyifazhanmoshi。suirandianzishangwusuodailaidemaoyichuangxingeiwoguodailailebushaohaochu,ruxinxizaiguojifanweineitongguoxinxiwangluoziyouliudong、信息處理的跨國傳遞和資源共享突破了一些國家、地區、xingyehemouxiedaxingkuaguogongsiduishichangxinxidexianzhihelongduan,xinxijishudaozhidezhezhongxinxijiaoweiwanbeideshichanghuanjingxiaochuleyixiemaoyijitouzizhangai,xinxidegongkaixingtedian、平(ping)等(deng)獲(huo)取(qu)原(yuan)則(ze)使(shi)我(wo)國(guo)的(de)對(dui)外(wai)貿(mao)易(yi)企(qi)業(ye)具(ju)備(bei)了(le)與(yu)發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)大(da)企(qi)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)及(ji)抓(zhua)住(zhu)世(shi)界(jie)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)機(ji)會(hui),為(wei)其(qi)創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)一(yi)個(ge)極(ji)好(hao)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)空(kong)間(jian),但(dan)也(ye)使(shi)我(wo)國(guo)原(yuan)來(lai)具(ju)有(you)的(de)自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)源(yuan)及(ji)廉(lian)價(jia)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)的(de)比(bi)較(jiao)優(you)勢(shi)和(he)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)降(jiang)低(di),機(ji)遇(yu)和(he)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)並(bing)存(cun)。
yixiejingjifazhanjiaokuaidefazhanzhongguojiahediqu,ruhanguodeng,tamendeziyuanxiangfuyuwoguojibenxiangtong,jingjifazhanshuipingxiangdang。danmuqiantamenzaiguojijingzhengzhongdeyoushiyuelaiyuemingxian。genjutamendejingyan,chuangzaojingzhengyoushishejiliangfangmianwenti:一yi方fang麵mian是shi貿mao易yi結jie構gou導dao向xiang的de轉zhuan變bian,過guo去qu參can加jia國guo際ji競jing爭zheng主zhu要yao是shi依yi據ju自zi身shen的de供gong給gei條tiao件jian,以yi資zi源yuan票piao賦fu為wei導dao向xiang,現xian在zai則ze是shi以yi國guo際ji市shi場chang需xu求qiu為wei導dao向xiang。互hu聯lian網wang上shang獲huo取qu信xin息xi的de快kuai捷jie與yu方fang便bian無wu疑yi為wei此ci奠dian定ding了le堅jian實shi的de基ji礎chu。另ling一yi方fang麵mian是shi有you效xiao地di進jin行xing由you比bi較jiao優you勢shi到dao競jing爭zheng優you勢shi的de轉zhuan化hua工gong作zuo。為wei了le使shi比bi較jiao優you勢shi成cheng為wei競jing爭zheng優you勢shi,各ge個ge競jing爭zheng國guo都dou爭zheng先xian采cai取qu新xin技ji術shu,以yi新xin技ji術shu產chan品pin打da進jin國guo際ji市shi場chang。盡jin管guan這zhe些xie國guo家jia和he地di區qu出chu口kou的de產chan品pin仍reng是shi勞lao動dong密mi集ji型xing產chan品pin居ju多duo,但dan是shi這zhe些xie產chan品pin包bao含han了le更geng多duo的de新xin技ji術shu含han量liang,因yin而er有you明ming顯xian的de代dai寫xie碩shuo士shi論lun文wen競jing爭zheng優you勢shi。我wo國guo現xian有you的de產chan業ye,包bao括kuo具ju有you比bi較jiao優you勢shi的de勞lao動dong密mi集ji型xing傳chuan統tong產chan業ye例li如ru紡fang織zhi業ye也ye應ying該gai積ji極ji利li用yong信xin息xi技ji術shu、電子商務以降低成本,提高國際市場競爭力。
總zong而er言yan之zhi,電dian子zi商shang務wu時shi代dai並bing不bu改gai變bian成cheng本ben和he效xiao益yi的de經jing濟ji學xue基ji本ben原yuan則ze。對dui我wo國guo外wai貿mao和he經jing濟ji和he諧xie發fa展zhan而er言yan,如ru何he在zai電dian子zi商shang務wu帶dai來lai的de創chuang新xin背bei景jing下xia完wan成cheng比bi較jiao優you勢shi向xiang競jing爭zheng優you勢shi的de轉zhuan化hua和he對dui外wai貿mao易yi結jie構gou的de逐zhu步bu轉zhuan型xing同tong等deng重zhong要yao。
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