在塔式起重機租憑行業中發現塔式起重機使用和安全方麵存在著一些建築單位所忽略的問題,本人負責相關技術和安全方麵的工作,談談個人體會:
(1) 在zai建jian築zhu工gong地di所suo需xu要yao采cai用yong何he種zhong型xing號hao的de塔ta式shi起qi重zhong機ji以yi及ji塔ta式shi起qi重zhong機ji位wei置zhi的de相xiang關guan布bu置zhi,建jian築zhu單dan位wei往wang往wang事shi先xian並bing沒mei有you谘zi詢xun過guo專zhuan業ye塔ta式shi起qi重zhong機ji安an裝zhuang公gong司si的de意yi見jian,而er是shi根gen據ju自zi己ji的de經jing驗yan作zuo出chu了le選xuan擇ze,這zhe種zhong情qing況kuang極ji有you可ke能neng造zao成cheng未wei能neng選xuan用yong最zui適shi合he工gong地di使shi用yong的de塔ta式shi起qi重zhong機ji和he塔ta式shi起qi重zhong機ji布bu置zhi不bu合he理li等deng情qing況kuang,在zai以yi後hou的de建jian築zhu施shi工gong過guo程cheng中zhong給gei建jian築zhu單dan位wei增zeng加jia額e外wai的de成cheng本,特別是在大型建築群施工中需要多台塔式起重機同時使用,事先向專業塔式起重機安裝公司谘詢拿出最合理的塔式起重機配置方案就顯得更為重要;
(2) 塔式起重機基礎基坑的開挖深度問題:xianzaijianzhugongchengdejianzhugaodupupianjiaogao,jingchangxuyaotashiqizhongjizaijianzhuwushangfuqiang,erguoneibufentashiqizhongjidefuqiangkuangzaitashendeanzhuangweizhishiyouxiangguanyaoqiude,congeryingxiangdaojichujikengdewajueshendu,zhejiuxuyaojianzhudanweishixianhetashiqizhongjianzhuanggongsizixun,genjutashiqizhongjianzhuanggongsidejishuyaoqiujinxingjichudeshigong,liruF0/23B係列的塔式起重機的附牆位置都在塔身標準節中部,而國產的老型號的小塔式起重機的附牆位置基本就沒有限製;
(3) 在塔式起重機安裝之前就應考慮到拆卸問題(此條和第1條有密切聯係):這zhe條tiao經jing常chang是shi建jian築zhu單dan位wei所suo忽hu略lve的de,塔ta式shi起qi重zhong機ji的de非fei常chang規gui拆chai卸xie經jing常chang需xu要yao采cai用yong大da型xing吊diao車che配pei合he吊diao裝zhuang,而er且qie常chang常chang需xu要yao在zai建jian築zhu物wu上shang進jin行xing必bi要yao的de加jia固gu措cuo施shi,更geng有you甚shen者zhe有you時shi候hou需xu要yao在zai建jian築zhu物wu樓lou麵mian上shang進jin行xing拆chai卸xie作zuo業ye等deng等deng,這zhe些xie都dou會hui給gei建jian築zhu單dan位wei增zeng加jia成cheng本ben和he額e外wai的de風feng險xian。因yin此ci建jian築zhu單dan位wei應ying盡jin量liang保bao證zheng塔ta式shi起qi重zhong機ji可ke以yi正zheng常chang拆chai卸xie,如ru果guo必bi須xu采cai用yong非fei正zheng常chang拆chai卸xie,需xu有you經jing濟ji、合理、安全的拆卸方案;
(4) 塔式起重機的檢測和維護問題:現(xian)在(zai)許(xu)多(duo)建(jian)築(zhu)單(dan)位(wei)根(gen)據(ju)需(xu)要(yao),沒(mei)有(you)采(cai)用(yong)租(zu)憑(ping)塔(ta)式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)而(er)是(shi)自(zi)己(ji)購(gou)置(zhi)了(le)塔(ta)式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji),在(zai)每(mei)次(ci)塔(ta)式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)安(an)裝(zhuang)完(wan)畢(bi)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)之(zhi)前(qian)必(bi)須(xu)通(tong)過(guo)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)檢(jian)測(ce)單(dan)位(wei)作(zuo)好(hao)技(ji)術(shu)和(he)安(an)全(quan)測(ce)試(shi),塔(ta)式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)拆(chai)卸(xie)後(hou)應(ying)請(qing)專(zhuan)業(ye)公(gong)司(si)進(jin)行(xing)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)維(wei)護(hu),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)有(you)些(xie)塔(ta)式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)使(shi)用(yong)了(le)較(jiao)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian),接(jie)近(jin)了(le)使(shi)用(yong)年(nian)限(xian),做(zuo)好(hao)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)和(he)安(an)全(quan)測(ce)試(shi)就(jiu)更(geng)為(wei)重(zhong)要(yao),而(er)每(mei)日(ri)必(bi)須(xu)進(jin)行(xing)正(zheng)常(chang)維(wei)護(hu)同(tong)時(shi)請(qing)專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)作(zuo)定(ding)期(qi)維(wei)護(hu),以(yi)免(mian)出(chu)現(xian)塔(ta)式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)事(shi)故(gu)給(gei)建(jian)築(zhu)單(dan)位(wei)造(zao)成(cheng)重(zhong)大(da)損(sun)失(shi);
(5) 塔式起重機在使用過程中起吊較大重物的問題:在建築單位施工過程中,有時需要利用塔式起重機起吊較大重量的物件(這些物件的重量已經接近塔式起重機本身允許的額定載荷),這時候應該考慮到有些塔式起重機因為使用年限較長,起重性能可能有所下降,建築單位應事先谘詢有關塔式起重機安裝公司的意見;
(6) 塔式起重機安裝和拆卸過程中建築單位的配合問題:
zaitashiqizhongjianchaiguochengzhong,jianzhudanweiyinganpaizhuanmendeanquanrenyuanpeiheanzhuanggongsi,zuohaozuoyequneideanquanfanghuhexietiaogongzuo,fangzhiwuguanrenyuanjinruzuoyequ,zhedianyejingchangbeijianzhushigongdanweisuohushi,tashiqizhongjianchaishuyugaofengxianzuoye,xianchangqingkuangjingchangshunxiwanbian,zheshihoudouxuyaojianzhudanweiyouzhuanmenrenyuanjinxingxietiaopeihe,cainengbaozhengzhenggeanchaizuoyeshunlijinxing;
(7) 建築單位機械設備部門的設置和人員配置問題:xianzaiyixiejianzhudanweimeiyoushelijixieguanlibumengengmeiyoupeizhizhuanzhitadiaoguanlirenyuan,ertashiqizhongjianchaiheshiyongshuyugaofengxianzuoye,guojiaduitashiqizhongjizhexietezhongshebeideguanliriquyange。yincishelijixieguanlibumenhepeizhizhuanzhitashiqizhongjiguanlirenyuanshijianzhudanweidedangwuzhiji,erqieduizhuanzhitashiqizhongjiguanlirenyuanyoujiaogaodeyaoqiu:
熟悉塔式起重機結構和原理,熟悉相關法律法規,具備現場安全檢查評估能力、事故應急處理能力、可以有針對性的提出相關預案,決不能由其他管理人員兼職管理。
綜上所述建築單位在塔式起重機使用過程中如能及時解決以上問題,就可以有效的降低成本和減少風險。
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