橋式起重機電氣係統故障現象及原因分析

主電機回路一般包括主電機繞組
、電阻箱中串聯電阻
、kongzhixiangzhongdejiaoliujiechuqiheliandongxianludeng。youyuqiaoshiqizhongjizaizhengchanggongzuoshi，dianzuxiangzhongdedianzuzudabufenshijianjuntouruyunxing
，yincijiangchanshengdaliangdereliang
，congershidianzuzudewendujiaogao。zaigaowenhuanjingzhong
，wulunshidianzubenshenhaishidianzulianjieduanzijunyibianzhi。yifangmianjianggaibiandianzucaizhi，yinqidianzuzuzhidegaibian：另ling一yi方fang麵mian可ke能neng導dao致zhi電dian阻zu連lian接jie端duan子zi的de斷duan裂lie，使shi得de電dian機ji轉zhuan子zi或huo定ding子zi的de串chuan聯lian電dian阻zu阻zu值zhi不bu平ping衡heng。與yu此ci同tong時shi，橋qiao式shi起qi重zhong機ji工gong作zuo過guo程cheng中zhong各ge種zhong交jiao流liu接jie觸chu器qi的de切qie換huan頻pin率lv特te別bie高gao，其qi觸chu點dian很hen容rong易yi在zai頻pin繁fan的de切qie換huan中zhong損sun傷shang、老(lao)化(hua)，造(zao)成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)觸(chu)點(dian)接(jie)觸(chu)電(dian)阻(zu)變(bian)大(da)或(huo)發(fa)生(sheng)缺(que)相(xiang)現(xian)象(xiang)，使(shi)電(dian)機(ji)繞(rao)阻(zu)的(de)串(chuan)聯(lian)電(dian)阻(zu)阻(zu)值(zhi)不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)。在(zai)上(shang)述(shu)兩(liang)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)重(zhong)載(zai)或(huo)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)均(jun)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)機(ji)損(sun)壞(huai)等(deng)故(gu)障(zhang)。

主zhu供gong電dian係xi統tong故gu障zhang主zhu要yao是shi供gong電dian滑hua觸chu線xian故gu障zhang。如ru由you滑hua觸chu線xian引yin起qi的de斷duan電dian現xian象xiang，導dao管guan明ming顯xian變bian形xing造zao成cheng受shou電dian器qi無wu法fa移yi動dong，電dian刷shua側ce麵mian擦ca傷shang和he表biao麵mian有you粒li狀zhuang凹ao坑keng，工gong作zuo時shi導dao管guan晃huang動dong太tai大da，電dian刷shua磨mo損sun太tai快kuai，電dian器qi滑hua行xing有you較jiao大da聲sheng響xiang及ji外wai殼ke擦ca傷shang等deng。其qi原yuan因yin往wang往wang是shi導dao軌gui安an裝zhuang不bu合he適shi引yin起qi的de變bian形xing
，環huan境jing溫wen度du過guo高gao熱re膨peng脹zhang造zao成cheng卡ka死si現xian象xiang
，受shou電dian器qi的de不bu正zheng確que安an裝zhuang及ji定ding位wei偏pian差cha等deng。

電dian氣qi係xi統tong中zhong的de電dian子zi元yuan器qi件jian的de質zhi量liang問wen題ti會hui導dao致zhi主zhu電dian機ji和he其qi他ta電dian機ji的de損sun壞huai。如ru交jiao流liu接jie觸chu器qi質zhi量liang差cha，機ji械xie可ke靠kao性xing不bu好hao

，線xian圈quan發fa熱re
，吸xi合he不bu好hao及ji線xian圈quan燒shao壞huai；各(ge)種(zhong)保(bao)護(hu)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)差(cha)及(ji)損(sun)壞(huai)。有(you)的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)接(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)觸(chu)點(dian)含(han)銀(yin)量(liang)低(di)或(huo)接(jie)觸(chu)銅(tong)片(pian)選(xuan)用(yong)鍍(du)銅(tong)鐵(tie)片(pian)

，接(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)塑(su)料(liao)外(wai)殼(ke)薄(bo)或(huo)使(shi)用(yong)再(zai)生(sheng)塑(su)料(liao)
，因(yin)而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)觸(chu)點(dian)接(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)良(liang)
，冒(mao)火(huo)花(hua)和(he)易(yi)熔(rong)化(hua)，三(san)相(xiang)觸(chu)點(dian)彈(dan)簧(huang)壓(ya)力(li)不(bu)均(jun)和(he)外(wai)殼(ke)破(po)裂(lie)等(deng)。

電源電壓瞬時降低。由於主電機（起升電機）功率大（一般在15kW以上），又you是shi全quan電dian壓ya起qi動dong，如ru果guo橋qiao式shi起qi重zhong機ji安an裝zhuang地di點dian距ju電dian源yuan變bian壓ya器qi較jiao遠yuan或huo專zhuan用yong供gong電dian線xian路lu上shang搭da載zai有you其qi他ta較jiao大da功gong率lv的de電dian器qi，且qie選xuan用yong的de電dian源yuan供gong電dian線xian的de線xian徑jing較jiao小xiao時shi，就jiu會hui使shi電dian源yuan電dian壓ya瞬shun時shi降jiang低di
，有you時shi造zao成cheng電dian源yuan電dian壓ya降jiang低di值zhi大da於yu額e定ding值zhi的de10%。電源電壓降低必然會使電機的起動時間加長或造成起動困難，也會導致電機損壞。