鼓式製動器缺點

    鼓式製動器缺點

    由you於yu鼓gu式shi刹sha車che刹sha車che來lai令ling片pian密mi封feng於yu刹sha車che鼓gu內nei，造zao成cheng刹sha車che來lai令ling片pian磨mo損sun後hou的de碎sui削xue無wu法fa散san去qu，影ying響xiang刹sha車che鼓gu與yu來lai令ling片pian的de接jie觸chu麵mian而er影ying響xiang刹sha車che性xing能neng。鼓gu刹sha最zui大da的de缺que點dian是shi下xia雨yu天tian沾zhan了le雨yu水shui後hou會hui打da滑hua，造zao成cheng刹sha車che失shi靈ling這zhe才cai是shi其qi最zui可ke怕pa的de領ling從cong蹄ti式shi製zhi動dong器qi增zeng勢shi與yu減jian勢shi作zuo用yong

，設she汽qi車che前qian進jin時shi製zhi動dong鼓gu旋xuan轉zhuan方fang向xiang(這稱為製動鼓正向旋轉)。製動蹄1的支承點3在其前端，製動輪缸6所suo施shi加jia的de促cu動dong力li作zuo用yong於yu其qi後hou端duan，因yin而er該gai製zhi動dong蹄ti張zhang開kai時shi的de旋xuan轉zhuan方fang向xiang與yu製zhi動dong鼓gu的de旋xuan轉zhuan方fang向xiang相xiang同tong。具ju有you這zhe種zhong屬shu性xing的de製zhi動dong蹄ti稱cheng為wei領ling蹄ti。與yu此ci相xiang反fan
，製zhi動dong蹄ti2的支承點4在(zai)後(hou)端(duan)，促(cu)動(dong)力(li)加(jia)於(yu)其(qi)前(qian)端(duan)，其(qi)張(zhang)開(kai)時(shi)的(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)方(fang)向(xiang)與(yu)製(zhi)動(dong)鼓(gu)的(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)方(fang)向(xiang)相(xiang)反(fan)。具(ju)有(you)這(zhe)種(zhong)屬(shu)性(xing)的(de)製(zhi)動(dong)蹄(ti)稱(cheng)為(wei)從(cong)蹄(ti)。當(dang)汽(qi)車(che)倒(dao)駛(shi)，即(ji)製(zhi)動(dong)鼓(gu)反(fan)向(xiang)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)時(shi)，蹄(ti)1變成從蹄，而蹄2zebianchenglingti。zhezhongzaizhidongguzhengxiangxuanzhuanhefanxiangxuanzhuanshi，douyouyigelingtiheyigecongtidezhidongqijichengweilingcongtishizhidongqi。zhidongshilianghuosaishijiadecudonglishixiangdengde。yincizaizhidongguochengzhongduizhidongguchanshengyigefujiadejingxiangli。fanzhidonggusuoshoulaiziertidefaxianglibunenghuxiangpinghengdezhidongqichengweifeipinghengshizhidongqi。danxiangshuanglingtishizhidongqizaizhidongguzhengxiangxuanzhuanshi，liangtijunweilingtidezhidongqichengweishuanglingtishizhidongqi，qijiegoushiyituruyoutusuoshi。shuanglingtishizhidongqiyulingcongtishizhidongqizaijiegoushangzhuyaoyouliangdianbuxiangtong，yishishuanglingtishizhidongqideliangzhidongtigeyongyigedanhuosaishilungang，erlingcongtishizhidongqideliangtigongyongyigeshuanghuosaishilungang
；二是雙領蹄式製動器的兩套製動蹄、製動輪缸、支承銷在製動底板上的布置是中心對稱的，而領從蹄式製動器中的製動蹄、製動輪缸
、支(zhi)承(cheng)銷(xiao)在(zai)製(zhi)動(dong)底(di)板(ban)上(shang)的(de)布(bu)置(zhi)是(shi)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱(cheng)布(bu)置(zhi)的(de)。雙(shuang)向(xiang)雙(shuang)領(ling)蹄(ti)式(shi)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)前(qian)進(jin)製(zhi)動(dong)還(hai)是(shi)倒(dao)車(che)製(zhi)動(dong)
，兩(liang)製(zhi)動(dong)蹄(ti)都(dou)是(shi)領(ling)蹄(ti)的(de)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)稱(cheng)為(wei)雙(shuang)向(xiang)雙(shuang)領(ling)蹄(ti)式(shi)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)，圖(tu)5-42是其結構示意圖器。與領從蹄式製動器相比
，雙向雙領蹄式製動器在結構上有三個特點，一是采用兩個雙活塞式製動輪缸；二是兩製動蹄的兩端都采用浮式支承，且支點的周向位置也是浮動的
；三是製動底板上的所有固定元件，如製動蹄、製動輪缸、回位彈簧等都是成對的，而且既按軸對稱、又按中心對稱布置。雙從蹄式製動器前進製動時兩製動蹄均為從蹄的製動器稱為雙從蹄式製動器，其結構示意圖見圖5-44。zhezhongzhidongqiyushuanglingtishizhidongqijiegouhenxiangsi
，erzhedechayizhizaiyugudingyuanjianyuxuanzhuanyuanjiandexiangduiyundongfangxiangbutong。suiranshuangcongtishizhidongqideqianjinzhidongxiaoguodiyushuanglingtishihelingcongtishizhidongqi，danqixiaonengduimocaxishubianhuademinganchengdujiaoxiao，jijuyoulianghaodezhidongxiaonengwendingxing。shuanglingti
、雙向雙領蹄、雙(shuang)從(cong)蹄(ti)式(shi)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)的(de)固(gu)定(ding)元(yuan)件(jian)布(bu)置(zhi)都(dou)是(shi)中(zhong)心(xin)對(dui)稱(cheng)的(de)。如(ru)果(guo)間(jian)隙(xi)調(tiao)整(zheng)正(zheng)確(que)
，則(ze)其(qi)製(zhi)動(dong)鼓(gu)所(suo)受(shou)兩(liang)蹄(ti)施(shi)加(jia)的(de)兩(liang)個(ge)法(fa)向(xiang)合(he)力(li)能(neng)互(hu)相(xiang)平(ping)衡(heng)，不(bu)會(hui)對(dui)輪(lun)轂(gu)軸(zhou)承(cheng)造(zao)成(cheng)附(fu)加(jia)徑(jing)向(xiang)載(zai)荷(he)。因(yin)此(ci)，這(zhe)三(san)種(zhong)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)都(dou)屬(shu)於(yu)平(ping)衡(heng)式(shi)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)。單(dan)向(xiang)自(zi)增(zeng)力(li)式(shi)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)單(dan)向(xiang)自(zi)增(zeng)力(li)式(shi)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)原(yuan)理(li)見(jian)右(you)圖(tu)。第(di)一(yi)製(zhi)動(dong)蹄(ti)1和第二製動蹄2的下端分別浮支在浮動的頂杆6的兩端。汽車前進製動時，單活塞式輪缸將促動力FS1加於第一蹄，使其上壓靠到製動鼓3上。第一蹄是領蹄，並且在各力作用下處於平衡狀態。頂杆6是浮動的，將與力S1大小相等、方向相反的促動力FS2施於第二蹄。故第二蹄也是領蹄。作用在第一蹄上的促動力和摩擦力通過頂杆傳到第二蹄上
，形成第二蹄促動力FS2。對製動蹄1進行受力分析可知，FS2>FS1。此外
，力FS2對第二蹄支承點的力臂也大於力FS1duidiyitizhichengdelibi。yinci，diertidezhidonglijubirandayudiyitidezhidongliju。daochezhidongshi，diyitidezhidongxiaonengbiyibanlingtidedideduo
，diertizeyinweishoucudonglierbuqizhidongzuoyong。shuangxiangzizenglishizhidongqishuangxiangzizenglishizhidongqidejiegouyuanlirutu5-47所suo示shi。其qi特te點dian是shi製zhi動dong鼓gu正zheng向xiang和he反fan向xiang旋xuan轉zhuan時shi均jun能neng借jie蹄ti鼓gu間jian的de摩mo擦ca起qi自zi增zeng力li作zuo用yong。它ta的de結jie構gou不bu同tong於yu單dan向xiang自zi增zeng力li式shi之zhi處chu主zhu要yao是shi采cai用yong雙shuang活huo塞sai式shi製zhi動dong輪lun缸gang4
，可向兩蹄同時施加相等的促動力FS。製動鼓正向(如箭頭所示)旋轉時，前製動蹄1為第一蹄，後製動蹄3為第二蹄；製動鼓反向旋轉時則情況相反。在製動時
，第一蹄隻受一個促動力FS而第二蹄則有兩個促動力FS和S，且S>FS。考慮到汽車前進製動的機會遠多於倒車製動，且前進製動時製動器工作負荷也遠大於倒車製動，故後蹄3的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)片(pian)麵(mian)積(ji)做(zuo)得(de)較(jiao)大(da)。凸(tu)輪(lun)式(shi)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)，所(suo)有(you)國(guo)產(chan)汽(qi)車(che)及(ji)部(bu)分(fen)外(wai)國(guo)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)氣(qi)壓(ya)製(zhi)動(dong)係(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)

，都(dou)采(cai)用(yong)凸(tu)輪(lun)促(cu)動(dong)的(de)車(che)輪(lun)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)，而(er)且(qie)大(da)多(duo)設(she)計(ji)成(cheng)領(ling)從(cong)蹄(ti)式(shi)。製(zhi)動(dong)時(shi)，製(zhi)動(dong)調(tiao)整(zheng)臂(bi)在(zai)製(zhi)動(dong)氣(qi)室(shi)6的(de)推(tui)杆(gan)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)，帶(dai)動(dong)凸(tu)輪(lun)軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)
，使(shi)得(de)兩(liang)製(zhi)動(dong)蹄(ti)壓(ya)靠(kao)到(dao)製(zhi)動(dong)鼓(gu)上(shang)而(er)製(zhi)動(dong)。由(you)於(yu)凸(tu)輪(lun)輪(lun)廓(kuo)的(de)中(zhong)心(xin)對(dui)稱(cheng)性(xing)及(ji)兩(liang)蹄(ti)結(jie)構(gou)和(he)安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱(cheng)性(xing)，凸(tu)輪(lun)轉(zhuan)動(dong)所(suo)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)兩(liang)蹄(ti)上(shang)相(xiang)應(ying)點(dian)的(de)位(wei)移(yi)必(bi)然(ran)相(xiang)等(deng)。這(zhe)種(zhong)由(you)軸(zhou)線(xian)固(gu)定(ding)的(de)凸(tu)輪(lun)促(cu)動(dong)的(de)領(ling)從(cong)蹄(ti)式(shi)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)等(deng)位(wei)移(yi)式(shi)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)
，製(zhi)動(dong)鼓(gu)對(dui)製(zhi)動(dong)蹄(ti)的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)使(shi)得(de)領(ling)蹄(ti)端(duan)部(bu)力(li)圖(tu)離(li)開(kai)製(zhi)動(dong)凸(tu)輪(lun)，從(cong)蹄(ti)端(duan)部(bu)更(geng)加(jia)靠(kao)緊(jin)凸(tu)輪(lun)。因(yin)此(ci)
，盡(jin)管(guan)領(ling)蹄(ti)有(you)助(zhu)勢(shi)作(zuo)用(yong)，從(cong)蹄(ti)有(you)減(jian)勢(shi)作(zuo)用(yong)
，但(dan)對(dui)等(deng)位(wei)移(yi)式(shi)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)而(er)言(yan)

，正(zheng)是(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)差(cha)別(bie)使(shi)得(de)製(zhi)動(dong)效(xiao)能(neng)高(gao)的(de)領(ling)蹄(ti)的(de)促(cu)動(dong)力(li)小(xiao)於(yu)製(zhi)動(dong)效(xiao)能(neng)低(di)的(de)從(cong)蹄(ti)的(de)促(cu)動(dong)力(li)，從(cong)而(er)使(shi)得(de)兩(liang)蹄(ti)的(de)製(zhi)動(dong)力(li)矩(ju)相(xiang)等(deng)。楔(xie)式(shi)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)楔(xie)式(shi)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)中(zhong)兩(liang)蹄(ti)的(de)布(bu)置(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)領(ling)從(cong)蹄(ti)式(shi)。作(zuo)為(wei)製(zhi)動(dong)蹄(ti)促(cu)動(dong)件(jian)的(de)製(zhi)動(dong)楔(xie)本(ben)身(shen)的(de)促(cu)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)機(ji)械(xie)式(shi)

、液壓式或氣壓式。兩製動蹄端部的圓弧麵分別浮支在柱塞3和柱塞6的外端麵直槽底麵上。柱塞3和6的內端麵都是斜麵，與支於隔架5兩邊槽內的滾輪4接觸。製動時，輪缸活塞15在液壓作用下推使製動楔13向內移動。後者又使二滾輪一麵沿柱塞斜麵向內滾動，一麵推使二柱塞3和6在製動底板7的(de)孔(kong)中(zhong)外(wai)移(yi)一(yi)定(ding)距(ju)離(li)，從(cong)而(er)使(shi)製(zhi)動(dong)蹄(ti)壓(ya)靠(kao)到(dao)製(zhi)動(dong)鼓(gu)上(shang)。輪(lun)缸(gang)液(ye)壓(ya)一(yi)旦(dan)撤(che)除(chu)，這(zhe)一(yi)係(xi)列(lie)零(ling)件(jian)即(ji)在(zai)製(zhi)動(dong)蹄(ti)回(hui)位(wei)彈(dan)簧(huang)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)各(ge)自(zi)回(hui)位(wei)。導(dao)向(xiang)銷(xiao)1和10yongyifangzhiliangzhusaizhuandong。gushizhidongqixiaojieyishangjieshaodegezhonggushizhidongqigeyoulibi。jiuzhidongxiaonengeryan，zaijibenjiegoucanshuhelunganggongzuoyalixiangtongdetiaojianxia，zizenglishizhidongqiyouyuduimocazhushizuoyongliyongdezuiweichongfenerjushouwei，yixiayiciweishuanglingtishi、領從蹄式
、雙從蹄式。但蹄鼓之間的摩擦係數本身是一個不穩定的因素
，隨製動鼓和摩擦片的材料、溫度和表麵狀況(如是否沾水、沾油，是否有燒結現象等)debutongkezaihendafanweineibianhua。zizenglishizhidongqidexiaonengduimocaxishudeyilaixingzuida，yinerqixiaonengderewendingxingzuicha。zaizhidongguochengzhong，zizenglishizhidongqizhidonglijudezengchangzaimouxieqingkuangxiaxiandeguoyujisu。shuangxiangzizenglishizhidongqiduoyongyujiaochehoulun
，yuanyinzhiyishibianyujianchongzhuchezhidongqi。danxiangzizenglishizhidongqizhiyongyuzhong、輕(qing)型(xing)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)前(qian)輪(lun)，因(yin)倒(dao)車(che)製(zhi)動(dong)時(shi)對(dui)前(qian)輪(lun)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)效(xiao)能(neng)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)高(gao)。雙(shuang)從(cong)蹄(ti)式(shi)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)的(de)製(zhi)動(dong)效(xiao)能(neng)雖(sui)然(ran)最(zui)低(di)，但(dan)卻(que)具(ju)有(you)最(zui)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)效(xiao)能(neng)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)，因(yin)而(er)還(hai)是(shi)有(you)少(shao)數(shu)華(hua)貴(gui)轎(jiao)車(che)為(wei)保(bao)證(zheng)製(zhi)動(dong)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)而(er)采(cai)用(yong)(例如英國女王牌轎車)。領從蹄製動器發展較早，其效能及效能穩定性均居於中遊
，且有結構較簡單等優點，故仍相當廣泛地用於各種汽車。