焊條藥皮

　　焊條藥皮

焊條藥皮是指塗在焊芯表麵的塗料層。藥皮在焊接過程中分解熔化後形成氣體和熔渣，起到機械保護
、冶金處理、改善工藝性能的作用。藥皮的組成物有：礦物類（如大理石、氟石等）
、鐵合金和金屬粉類（如錳鐵、鈦鐵等）、有機物類（如木粉、澱粉等）
、化工產品類（如鈦白粉、水玻璃等）。焊條藥皮是決定焊縫質量的重要因素，在焊接過程中有以下幾方麵的作用：一
、提高電弧燃燒的穩定性。無藥皮的光焊條不容易引燃電弧。即使引燃了也不能穩定地燃燒。在焊條藥皮中，一般含有鉀、鈉、鈣等電離電位低的物質
，這可以提高電弧的穩定性

，保證焊接過程持續進行。二
、保護焊接熔池。焊接過程中，空氣中的氧
、danjishuizhengqijinruhanfeng
，huigeihanfengdailaibulideyingxiang。bujinxingchengqikong
，erqiehaihuijiangdihanfengdejixiexingneng
，shenzhidaozhiliewen。erhantiaoyaopironghuahou，chanshengdedaliangqitilongzhaozhedianhuherongchi，huijianshaoronghuadejinshuhekongqidexianghuzuoyong。hanfenglengqueshi，ronghuahoudeyaopixingchengyicengrongzha
，fugaizaihanfengbiaomian，baohuhanfengjinshubingshizhihuanmanlengque
、減少產生氣孔的可能性。三、保證焊縫脫氧
、去(qu)硫(liu)磷(lin)雜(za)質(zhi)。焊(han)接(jie)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)雖(sui)然(ran)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)保(bao)護(hu)
，但(dan)仍(reng)難(nan)免(mian)有(you)少(shao)量(liang)氧(yang)進(jin)入(ru)熔(rong)池(chi)，使(shi)金(jin)屬(shu)及(ji)合(he)金(jin)元(yuan)素(su)氧(yang)化(hua)，燒(shao)損(sun)合(he)金(jin)元(yuan)素(su)，降(jiang)低(di)焊(han)縫(feng)質(zhi)量(liang)。因(yin)此(ci)
，需(xu)要(yao)在(zai)焊(han)條(tiao)藥(yao)皮(pi)中(zhong)加(jia)入(ru)還(hai)原(yuan)劑(ji)(如錳、矽、鈦、鋁等)，使已進入熔池的氧化物還原。四、為wei焊han縫feng補bu充chong合he金jin元yuan素su。由you於yu電dian弧hu的de高gao溫wen作zuo用yong，焊han縫feng金jin屬shu的de合he金jin元yuan素su會hui被bei蒸zheng發fa燒shao損sun
，使shi焊han縫feng的de機ji械xie性xing能neng降jiang低di。因yin此ci，必bi須xu通tong過guo藥yao皮pi向xiang焊han縫feng加jia入ru適shi當dang的de合he金jin元yuan素su，以yi彌mi補bu合he金jin元yuan素su的de燒shao損sun，保bao證zheng或huo提ti高gao焊han縫feng的de機ji械xie性xing能neng。對dui有you些xie合he金jin鋼gang的de焊han接jie，也ye需xu要yao通tong過guo藥yao皮pi向xiang焊han縫feng滲shen入ru合he金jin，使shi焊han縫feng金jin屬shu能neng與yu母mu材cai金jin屬shu成cheng分fen相xiang接jie近jin
，機ji械xie性xing能neng趕gan上shang甚shen至zhi超chao過guo基ji本ben金jin屬shu。五wu、提ti高gao焊han接jie生sheng產chan率lv，減jian少shao飛fei濺jian。焊han條tiao藥yao皮pi具ju有you使shi熔rong滴di增zeng加jia而er減jian少shao飛fei濺jian的de作zuo用yong。焊han條tiao藥yao皮pi的de熔rong點dian稍shao低di於yu焊han芯xin的de焊han點dian，但dan因yin焊han芯xin處chu於yu電dian弧hu的de中zhong心xin區qu
，溫wen度du較jiao高gao，所suo以yi焊han芯xin先xian熔rong化hua
，藥yao皮pi稍shao遲chi一yi點dian熔rong化hua。這zhe樣yang
，在zai焊han條tiao端duan頭tou形xing成cheng一yi短duan段duan藥yao皮pi套tao管guan，加jia上shang電dian弧hu吹chui力li的de作zuo用yong，使shi熔rong滴di徑jing直zhi射she到dao熔rong池chi上shang，使shi之zhi有you利li於yu仰yang焊han和he立li焊han。另ling外wai
，在zai焊han芯xin塗tu了le藥yao皮pi後hou，電dian弧hu熱re量liang更geng集ji中zhong。同tong時shi，由you於yu減jian少shao了le由you飛fei濺jian引yin起qi的de金jin屬shu損sun失shi，提ti高gao了le熔rong敷fu係xi數shu

，也ye就jiu提ti高gao了le焊han接jie生sheng產chan率lv。另ling外wai，焊han接jie過guo程cheng中zhong發fa塵chen量liang也ye會hui減jian少shao。六liu、藥yao皮pi在zai焊han接jie過guo程cheng中zhong起qi著zhe極ji為wei重zhong要yao的de作zuo用yong。若ruo采cai用yong無wu藥yao皮pi的de光guang焊han條tiao焊han接jie
，則ze在zai焊han接jie過guo程cheng中zhong，空kong氣qi中zhong的de氧yang和he氮dan會hui大da量liang侵qin入ru熔rong化hua金jin屬shu
，將jiang金jin屬shu鐵tie和he有you益yi元yuan素su碳tan、矽
、mengdengyanghuahedanhuaxingchenggezhongyanghuawuhedanhuawu，bingcanliuzaihanfengzhong，zaochenghanfengjiazhahuoliewen。errongrurongchizhongdeqitikenengshihanfengchanshengdaliangqikong
，zhexieyinsudounengshihanfengdejixiexingneng（強度
、衝擊值等）dadajiangdi，tongshishihanfengbiancui。ciwaicaiyongguanghantiaohanjie

，dianhuhenbuwending，feijianyanzhong，hanfengchengxinghencha。renmenzaishijianguochengzhongfaxianruguozaiguanghantiaowaimiantuyicengyougezhongkuangwudengzuchengdeyaopi

，nengshidianhuranshaowending，hanfengzhiliangdedaotigao
，zhezhonghantiaojiaoyaopihantiao。suizhegongyejishudebuduanfazhan，renmenchuangzhichuleguangfanyingyongdeyouzhihouyaopihantiao。qi、焊條藥皮類型及主要特點。按照藥皮的主要成分可以確定焊條的藥皮類型。由於藥皮配方組成不同，致使各種藥皮類型焊條的熔渣特性、hanjiegongyixingnengyijihanfengjinshulixuexingnengyouhendachabie。jishishitongyileixingyaopi，danbutongpaihaodehantiaoyeyinweiyaopichengfenhepeibibutong
，hantiaodegongyixingnengdengyehuichuxianmingxiandechabie。