卷揚機起升結構的組成及型式

 

    一、起升機構的組成

 

    卷揚機起升機構是使重物作升降運動的機構
，它是任何起重機必不可少和最主要最基本的機構。此次設計的電動5噸卷揚機是由電動機
、連軸器
、製動器
、減速器、卷筒、導向滑輪、起升滑輪組
、釣鉤等組成，其各方麵的機構分布可以參考如下圖13所示。

 

    圖1-3起升機構示意圖

 

    1—電動機2—聯軸器3—減速器4—卷筒

 

    5—導向滑輪6—滑輪組7—吊鉤

 

    電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)正(zheng)轉(zhuan)或(huo)反(fan)轉(zhuan)時(shi)

，製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)鬆(song)開(kai)，通(tong)過(guo)帶(dai)製(zhi)動(dong)輪(lun)的(de)聯(lian)軸(zhou)器(qi)帶(dai)動(dong)減(jian)速(su)器(qi)高(gao)速(su)軸(zhou)，經(jing)減(jian)速(su)器(qi)減(jian)速(su)後(hou)由(you)低(di)速(su)軸(zhou)帶(dai)動(dong)卷(juan)筒(tong)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)，使(shi)鋼(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)在(zai)卷(juan)筒(tong)上(shang)繞(rao)進(jin)或(huo)放(fang)出(chu)，從(cong)而(er)使(shi)重(zhong)物(wu)起(qi)升(sheng)或(huo)下(xia)降(jiang)。電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)停(ting)止(zhi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)時(shi)
，依(yi)靠(kao)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)將(jiang)高(gao)速(su)軸(zhou)的(de)製(zhi)動(dong)輪(lun)刹(sha)住(zhu)，使(shi)懸(xuan)吊(diao)的(de)重(zhong)物(wu)停(ting)止(zhi)在(zai)空(kong)中(zhong)。根(gen)據(ju)需(xu)要(yao)起(qi)升(sheng)機(ji)構(gou)上(shang)還(hai)可(ke)裝(zhuang)設(she)各(ge)種(zhong)輔(fu)助(zhu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)
，如(ru)起(qi)重(zhong)量(liang)限(xian)製(zhi)器(qi)、起升高度限位器、速度限製器和鋼絲繩作多層卷繞時，使鋼絲繩順序排列在卷筒上的排繩裝置等。

 

    B起升機構的典型傳動型式

 

    在(zai)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)與(yu)卷(juan)筒(tong)之(zhi)間(jian)通(tong)常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)起(qi)重(zhong)用(yong)標(biao)準(zhun)兩(liang)級(ji)減(jian)速(su)器(qi)。要(yao)求(qiu)低(di)速(su)時(shi)可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)三(san)級(ji)大(da)傳(chuan)動(dong)比(bi)減(jian)速(su)器(qi)。為(wei)便(bian)於(yu)安(an)裝(zhuang)，在(zai)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)與(yu)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)具(ju)有(you)補(bu)償(chang)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)彈(dan)性(xing)柱(zhu)銷(xiao)連(lian)軸(zhou)器(qi)或(huo)齒(chi)輪(lun)連(lian)軸(zhou)器(qi)。前(qian)者(zhe)構(gou)造(zao)簡(jian)單(dan)並(bing)能(neng)起(qi)緩(huan)衝(chong)作(zuo)用(yong)，但(dan)彈(dan)性(xing)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)圈(quan)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)不(bu)長(chang)
；後hou者zhe堅jian固gu耐nai用yong，應ying用yong最zui廣guang。齒chi輪lun連lian軸zhou器qi的de壽shou命ming與yu安an裝zhuang質zhi量liang有you關guan
，並bing且qie需xu要yao經jing常chang潤run滑hua。一yi般ban製zhi動dong器qi都dou安an裝zhuang在zai高gao速su軸zhou上shang，這zhe樣yang所suo需xu要yao的de製zhi動dong力li矩ju小xiao
，相xiang應ying的de製zhi動dong器qi尺chi寸cun小xiao，重zhong量liang輕qing。經jing常chang利li用yong聯lian軸zhou器qi的de一yi半ban兼jian作zuo製zhi動dong輪lun。帶dai製zhi動dong輪lun的de半ban體ti應ying安an裝zhuang在zai減jian速su器qi高gao速su軸zhou上shang。這zhe樣yang，即ji使shi聯lian軸zhou器qi被bei損sun壞huai，製zhi動dong器qi仍reng可ke把ba卷juan筒tong製zhi動dong住zhu，以yi確que保bao機ji構gou的de安an全quan。

 

    qishengjigoudezhidongqibixucaiyongchangbishide。zhidonglijuyingbaozhengyouzugoudezhidonganquanxishu。zaizhongyaodeqishengjigouzhongyoushishelianggezhidongqi
，erdiergezhidongqikeanzhuangzaijiansuqigaosuzhoudelingyishenchuduanhuozhuangshezaidiandongjideweibuchuzhoushang。weishijigoubuzhifangbianbingzengdabuchangnengli，zaidiandongjiyujiansujizhijiankeyongfudongzhoulianjie
，fudongzhoudeliangduanweibanchilunlianzhouqi。youyujuantongyujiansuqidisuzhouzhijiandelianjiexingshihenduo。benjuanyangjidejuantongyudisuzhoudelianjieweidaichilunjiepandejiegouxingshi，juantongzhouzuoduanyongziweizhouchengzhichengyujiansuqishuchuzhoudeneiqiangzhouchengzuozhong，disuzhoudewaiyuanzhichengwaichilun，tayugudingzaijuantongshangdedaineichilundejiepanxiangniehe，xingchengyigechilunlianzhouqichuandiniuju
，bingkeyibuchangyidingdeanzhuangwucha。zaichilunlianzhouqiwaice，jikaojinjiansuqideyicezhuangyoupoufenshimifenggai，yifangzhilianzhouqineiderunhuayouliuchulaihewaimiandehuichenjinru。zhezhonglianjiexingshideyoudianshijiegoujincou，zhouxiangchicunxiao

，fenzuxinghao，nengbuchangjiansuqiyujuantongzhouzhijiandeanzhuangwucha。ruxiatu14。

 

    圖1-4用齒輪接盤連接型式

 

    juantongdezhijingyibanjinliangxuanyongyunxudejiaoxiaozhi，yinweisuizhejuantongzhijingdezengjia
，niujuhejiansuchuandongbiyezengda，yinqizhenggejigoupangda。danzaiqishenggaodujiaodashi，wangwangyongzengdajuantongzhijingdefangfayijianxiaoqichangdu.滑輪組型式（單聯或雙聯）hetadebeilvduiqishengjigoudechicunyeyouhendadeyingxiang。zaiqiaoshiqizhongjizhongcaiyongshuanglianhualunzu
，yifangmianshijuantongliangzhichengshangdeshoulibubian，yejiushishiyunxingxiaocheliangbiandeguidaolunyabubian，zheduiqiaojiahexiaochechejiashoulishiyoulide
；lingyifangmianshishizhongwuzaiqishengguochengzhongbuzuohengxiangyidong。danyouyushuanglianhualunzudebeilvbidanlianhualunzuxiaoyibei
，qishengjigoudechuandongbiyexuyaozengdayibei，zhejiushijigouchicunzengda，suoyiqitadeqizhongjicaiyongdanlianhualunzu，cicishejideshi5噸橋式起重機的卷揚機
，因此選用雙聯滑輪組，如下圖15。

 

    圖1-5雙聯滑輪組

 

    1、動滑輪2、定滑輪3
、卷筒

 

    滑輪組的倍率的確定對鋼絲繩的拉力、卷筒直徑與長度
、減jian速su機ji構gou的de傳chuan動dong比bi以yi及ji機ji構gou的de總zong體ti尺chi寸cun有you很hen大da的de影ying響xiang。大da起qi重zhong量liang采cai用yong較jiao大da的de倍bei率lv
，可ke避bi免mian采cai用yong過guo粗cu的de鋼gang絲si繩sheng。有you時shi在zai采cai用yong較jiao大da的de滑hua輪lun組zu倍bei率lv的de同tong時shi相xiang應ying的de降jiang低di了le起qi升sheng速su度du的de方fang式shi來lai提ti高gao起qi重zhong量liang，可ke以yi使shi起qi升sheng機ji構gou達da到dao通tong用yong性xing

，即ji將jiang同tong一yi起qi升sheng機ji構gou用yong於yu不bu同tong的de起qi重zhong量liang，這zhe是shi在zai係xi列lie設she計ji時shi常chang采cai用yong的de方fang法fa。

 

    起升機構計算是在給定了設計參數
，並將布置方案確定後進行的，通過計算選用機構中所需要的標準零部件，如電動機、製動器、減速器和聯軸器等。對於非標準零部件需進行單獨設計。此卷揚機設計提升載荷5噸，主要用於煉鋼廠5噸橋式起重機上，本卷揚機是利用煉鋼廠現有設備和材料拚湊而成，因此與標準的5噸卷揚機設計略有不同。

 

    原文鏈接：https://www.xianjichina.com/special/detail_122720.html

 

    來源：賢集網

 

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