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下載手機APP1、忌機油隻加不換
機油在柴油機的使用中是必不可少的，主要起潤滑、冷卻、清(qing)潔(jie)等(deng)作(zuo)用(yong)。因(yin)此(ci)，很(hen)多(duo)駕(jia)駛(shi)員(yuan)都(dou)會(hui)注(zhu)意(yi)檢(jian)查(zha)潤(run)滑(hua)油(you)的(de)油(you)量(liang)，並(bing)按(an)標(biao)準(zhun)添(tian)加(jia)，但(dan)是(shi)卻(que)忽(hu)視(shi)了(le)潤(run)滑(hua)油(you)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)檢(jian)查(zha)和(he)對(dui)已(yi)經(jing)變(bian)質(zhi)機(ji)油(you)的(de)更(geng)換(huan)，導(dao)致(zhi)一(yi)些(xie)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)運(yun)動(dong)機(ji)件(jian)總(zong)是(shi)在(zai)較(jiao)差(cha)的(de)潤(run)滑(hua)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)運(yun)轉(zhuan)，從(cong)而(er)加(jia)速(su)各(ge)機(ji)件(jian)的(de)磨(mo)損(sun)。在(zai)正(zheng)常(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)機(ji)油(you)的(de)損(sun)耗(hao)並(bing)不(bu)大(da)，但(dan)是(shi)卻(que)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)汙(wu)染(ran)，從(cong)而(er)失(shi)去(qu)保(bao)護(hu)柴(chai)油(you)機(ji)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。在(zai)柴(chai)油(you)機(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，許(xu)多(duo)汙(wu)物(wu)（燃油不完全燃燒生成的碳煙、積炭和積垢等）都會進入到機油中。對於新的或大修後的機械，試運轉之後雜質會更多，如果隻加不換就急於投入使用，很容易引起燒瓦、抱(bao)軸(zhou)等(deng)意(yi)外(wai)事(shi)故(gu)。另(ling)外(wai)，即(ji)使(shi)更(geng)換(huan)機(ji)油(you)，某(mou)些(xie)駕(jia)駛(shi)員(yuan)由(you)於(yu)缺(que)乏(fa)維(wei)修(xiu)經(jing)驗(yan)或(huo)者(zhe)圖(tu)省(sheng)事(shi)，也(ye)會(hui)在(zai)更(geng)換(huan)時(shi)不(bu)徹(che)底(di)清(qing)洗(xi)油(you)道(dao)，使(shi)機(ji)械(xie)雜(za)質(zhi)仍(reng)然(ran)殘(can)留(liu)在(zai)油(you)底(di)殼(ke)及(ji)油(you)路(lu)中(zhong)。
2、忌黃油亂用亂塗
（1）汽qi缸gang墊dian上shang塗tu黃huang油you。黃huang油you是shi工gong程cheng機ji械xie修xiu理li中zhong常chang用yong的de潤run滑hua脂zhi，可ke起qi到dao潤run滑hua和he密mi封feng的de作zuo用yong。因yin此ci，有you些xie修xiu理li工gong在zai安an裝zhuang汽qi缸gang墊dian時shi，就jiu會hui在zai汽qi缸gang墊dian上shang塗tu上shang一yi層ceng黃huang油you，認ren為wei這zhe樣yang可ke以yi增zeng加jia柴chai油you機ji的de密mi封feng性xing。殊shu不bu知zhi，這zhe樣yang做zuo反fan而er影ying響xiang了le柴chai油you機ji的de工gong作zuo性xing能neng。汽qi缸gang墊dian是shi柴chai油you機ji缸gang體ti與yu缸gang蓋gai之zhi間jian*重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)件(jian)，它(ta)不(bu)但(dan)能(neng)密(mi)封(feng)汽(qi)缸(gang)內(nei)所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)壓(ya)氣(qi)體(ti)，而(er)且(qie)還(hai)能(neng)密(mi)封(feng)汽(qi)缸(gang)蓋(gai)和(he)缸(gang)體(ti)內(nei)的(de)的(de)冷(leng)卻(que)水(shui)和(he)潤(run)滑(hua)油(you)，所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)拆(chai)裝(zhuang)汽(qi)缸(gang)墊(dian)時(shi)，都(dou)要(yao)特(te)別(bie)注(zhu)意(yi)它(ta)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)質(zhi)量(liang)。如(ru)果(guo)安(an)裝(zhuang)時(shi)在(zai)汽(qi)缸(gang)墊(dian)上(shang)塗(tu)黃(huang)油(you)，當(dang)汽(qi)缸(gang)蓋(gai)螺(luo)栓(shuan)擰(ning)緊(jin)時(shi)，一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)黃(huang)油(you)就(jiu)會(hui)被(bei)擠(ji)壓(ya)到(dao)汽(qi)缸(gang)水(shui)道(dao)和(he)油(you)道(dao)中(zhong)，留(liu)在(zai)缸(gang)墊(dian)間(jian)的(de)黃(huang)油(you)在(zai)汽(qi)缸(gang)工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)，由(you)於(yu)受(shou)高(gao)溫(wen)影(ying)響(xiang)，一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)會(hui)流(liu)人(ren)汽(qi)缸(gang)燃(ran)燒(shao)，另(ling)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)則(ze)殘(can)留(liu)在(zai)缸(gang)體(ti)與(yu)缸(gang)蓋(gai)的(de)結(jie)合(he)麵(mian)上(shang)，使(shi)缸(gang)墊(dian)、ganggaiyujitipingmianzhijianchanshengfengxi，gaowengaoyaranqihenrongyicongcichuchongjiqigangdian，huihuaigangdian，zaochenglouqi。ciwai，huangyouchangshijianchuzaigaowenzhuangtaixiahaihuichanshengjitan，zaochenggangdianguozaolaohuabianzhi。yincianzhuangqigangdianshiqiewutumohuangyou。
（2）luntailuomutuhuangyou。weilerongyiningjinluomuhefangzhixiushi，bushaoxiuligongzailuntaideluoshuanluomushangtuyou。shijishangzheshiyizhongcuowuzuofa。yinweiluntailuomuningjinhou，luowenjianjiujuyouzisuodetezheng。zheshiyouyuluowenluoxuanjiaoxiaoyuluowenjiandedangliangmocajiaodeyuangu。geidingdeluoshuanlianjiezhong，luoxuanshengjiaoshiyidingzhi，erdangliangmocajiaozesuiluowenjiandemocazhuangtaierbian。xianran，tuyouhouluowenjiandedangliangmocajiaojianxiao，luoshuanlianjiedezisuoxingnengbiancha。yincizailuntaideluoshuanheluomushangjueduibuyaoturunhuazhihuodishangrunhuayou。zheyangzuo，fanerhuishiluomusongdong，shenzhiniangchengshigu。
3、忌缸套和活塞新品不經選配即安裝
zaihuanzhuangqigangtaohehuosaishi，renweixindeqigangtaohehuosaidoushibiaozhunjian，doujuyouhuhuanxing，zhuangshangqujiukeyishiyongle。shijishang，qigangtaoyuhuosaidechicundouyouyidingdegongchafanwei。
如把*大尺寸的汽缸套配上*xiaochicundehuosai，huishipeihejianxiguoda，zaochengyasuowuli，qidongkunnan。yinci，huanzhuangshibixuyaojianzhabiaozhungangtaoyuhuosaidechicunfenzudaihao，zhuangyongdegangtaohehuosaibixushibiaozhunhuosaidechicunfenzudaihaoyubiaozhungangtaodechicunfenzudaihaoxiangtong，zhiyouzheyangcainengbaozhengliangzhezhijianjuyoubiaozhundepeihejianxi。lingwai，gegangzhuangyongtongyifenzudaihaodegangtaohehuosaidetongshi，haiyaozhuyizhuangqianjianyangangsaijianxi，weilebaozhengzhuangpeibiaozhun，zaizhuangjiqianhaiyingjinxingyicijiance，yifangzhuangshangjiamaoweiliedecancichanpin。
4、忌不檢查柱塞行程餘量
zaizhusaishipenyoubengdefengshizhong，henduoweixiurenyuanbuzhuyijianzhazhusaidexingchengyuliang。suoweizhusaidexingchengyuliang，shizhizhusaibeitulunzhoushangdetulundingzhishangzhidianhou，hainengjixushangxingdeyidongliang。tiaohaogongyoukaishishijianhou，zhisuoyihaiyaojianzhaxingchengyuliang，shiyinweizhusaidexingchengyuliangyuzhusai、套tao筒tong的de磨mo損sun有you關guan。柱zhu塞sai與yu套tao筒tong磨mo損sun後hou，柱zhu塞sai要yao往wang上shang多duo運yun動dong一yi段duan才cai能neng開kai始shi供gong油you，從cong而er使shi供gong油you開kai始shi時shi間jian推tui遲chi。當dang擰ning出chu調tiao整zheng螺luo栓shuan或huo換huan用yong較jiao厚hou的de調tiao整zheng墊dian塊kuai、墊片後，柱塞的*低(di)位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)移(yi)，使(shi)柱(zhu)塞(sai)的(de)行(xing)程(cheng)餘(yu)量(liang)減(jian)小(xiao)。所(suo)以(yi)，在(zai)維(wei)修(xiu)調(tiao)試(shi)噴(pen)油(you)泵(beng)時(shi)，首(shou)先(xian)應(ying)檢(jian)查(zha)此(ci)行(xing)程(cheng)餘(yu)量(liang)，以(yi)判(pan)定(ding)噴(pen)油(you)泵(beng)是(shi)否(fou)還(hai)允(yun)許(xu)調(tiao)整(zheng)。檢(jian)查(zha)時(shi)，應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)噴(pen)油(you)泵(beng)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)結(jie)構(gou)采(cai)用(yong)下(xia)述(shu)不(bu)同(tong)方(fang)法(fa)：a）轉動凸輪軸，將柱塞頂至上止點後，拆下出油閥及閥座，用深度遊標尺測量。b）柱塞被頂至上止點後，用螺絲刀撬起柱塞彈簧的彈簧座，使柱塞上升到*高點。然後用厚薄規插入柱塞下平麵與挺杆調整螺栓之間測量。柱塞的標準行程餘量約為1.5mm，磨損後的極限行程餘量應不小於0.5mm.
5、忌汽缸間隙測量不準
在zai測ce量liang汽qi缸gang間jian隙xi時shi，未wei能neng在zai活huo塞sai裙qun部bu垂chui直zhi於yu活huo塞sai銷xiao孔kong的de方fang向xiang測ce量liang，而er在zai其qi它ta方fang向xiang測ce量liang。鋁lv合he金jin活huo塞sai的de結jie構gou特te點dian是shi上shang小xiao下xia大da，為wei一yi錐zhui體ti，且qie裙qun部bu斷duan麵mian為wei橢tuo圓yuan形xing，所suo以yi沿yan圓yuan周zhou方fang向xiang的de氣qi缸gang間jian隙xi並bing不bu相xiang等deng。測ce量liang時shi，規gui定ding以yi橢tuo圓yuan長chang軸zhou方fang向xiang的de間jian隙xi為wei準zhun，即ji測ce量liang活huo塞sai裙qun部bu垂chui直zhi於yu活huo塞sai銷xiao孔kong方fang向xiang的de間jian隙xi。這zhe樣yang測ce量liang比bi較jiao方fang便bian、準(zhun)確(que)，而(er)且(qie)在(zai)往(wang)複(fu)運(yun)動(dong)中(zhong)，活(huo)塞(sai)裙(qun)部(bu)垂(chui)直(zhi)於(yu)活(huo)塞(sai)銷(xiao)孔(kong)的(de)方(fang)向(xiang)因(yin)受(shou)側(ce)向(xiang)壓(ya)力(li)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)而(er)磨(mo)損(sun)較(jiao)大(da)，所(suo)以(yi)，測(ce)量(liang)汽(qi)缸(gang)間(jian)隙(xi)時(shi)，應(ying)在(zai)活(huo)塞(sai)裙(qun)部(bu)垂(chui)直(zhi)於(yu)活(huo)塞(sai)銷(xiao)孔(kong)的(de)方(fang)向(xiang)測(ce)量(liang)。
6、忌活塞明火加溫
由you於yu活huo塞sai與yu活huo塞sai銷xiao是shi過guo盈ying配pei合he，所suo以yi在zai安an裝zhuang活huo塞sai銷xiao時shi，應ying先xian使shi活huo塞sai受shou熱re膨peng脹zhang，這zhe時shi，有you些xie維wei修xiu人ren員yuan就jiu會hui將jiang活huo塞sai放fang在zai明ming火huo上shang直zhi接jie加jia熱re，這zhe樣yang的de做zuo法fa是shi非fei常chang錯cuo誤wu的de，因yin為wei活huo塞sai各ge部bu位wei薄bo厚hou不bu均jun，熱re脹zhang冷leng縮suo程cheng度du就jiu會hui不bu一yi樣yang，明ming火huo加jia熱re會hui使shi活huo塞sai受shou熱re不bu均jun，容rong易yi引yin起qi變bian形xing；huosaibiaomianhaihuifuzhetanhui，jiangdihuosaideshiyongshouming。ruguohuosaidadaoyidingwenduhouziranlengque，qijinxiangzuzhihuizaodaosunhuaibingshinaimoxingnengdadajiangdi，qishiyongshoumingyehuimingxiansuoduan。zaianzhuanghuosaixiaoshi，kejianghuosaifangzaireyouzhongjunyunjiareshiqihuanmanpengzhang，qiebukeyongminghuozhijiejiawen。
7、忌用砂布打磨軸瓦
duiyuyixiejingyanbuzudexiuligonglaishuo，guawashiyixiangnandujiaogaodegongzuo，youyuguawajishuhennanzhangwo，suoyizhouwajiubuyidadaojishuyaoqiu，weici，yourenzaigenghuanzhouwashi，weizengdazhouwayuquzhoudejiechumianji，jiuyongshabudamoyidaitiguawa。zhezhongfangfazaishijiweixiuzhongshijibukequde，yinweishabushangdemolijiaoying，erzhouwahejinquejiaoruan，zheyangzaidamoshishalihenrongyiqianruhejinnei，chaiyoujigongzuoshihuijiasuzhoujingdemosun，suoduanquzhoudeshiyongshouming。
8、忌螺栓擰得太緊
工程機械在拆裝過程中，很多部位的螺栓都是有規定轉矩要求的，比如傳動箱、汽缸蓋、輪轂、連(lian)杆(gan)和(he)前(qian)橋(qiao)等(deng)部(bu)位(wei)，擰(ning)緊(jin)力(li)矩(ju)在(zai)說(shuo)明(ming)書(shu)中(zhong)都(dou)有(you)專(zhuan)門(men)規(gui)定(ding)，切(qie)不(bu)可(ke)隨(sui)意(yi)改(gai)變(bian)。但(dan)是(shi)很(hen)多(duo)使(shi)用(yong)人(ren)員(yuan)都(dou)誤(wu)認(ren)為(wei)緊(jin)一(yi)些(xie)會(hui)更(geng)安(an)全(quan)，但(dan)是(shi)擰(ning)得(de)太(tai)緊(jin)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)螺(luo)釘(ding)或(huo)螺(luo)栓(shuan)折(zhe)斷(duan)，也(ye)可(ke)能(neng)由(you)於(yu)螺(luo)紋(wen)滑(hua)扣(kou)而(er)引(yin)起(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)。
9、忌輪胎氣壓太高
輪(lun)式(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)的(de)輪(lun)胎(tai)充(chong)氣(qi)壓(ya)力(li)是(shi)決(jue)定(ding)其(qi)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)和(he)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)因(yin)素(su)。輪(lun)胎(tai)氣(qi)壓(ya)過(guo)高(gao)或(huo)過(guo)低(di)都(dou)會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)其(qi)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)，同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)不(bu)利(li)於(yu)安(an)全(quan)行(xing)車(che)，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)在(zai)炎(yan)熱(re)的(de)夏(xia)季(ji)。科(ke)學(xue)的(de)充(chong)氣(qi)標(biao)準(zhun)應(ying)該(gai)是(shi)：以輪胎的標準氣壓為基準，隨著氣溫的變化，對輪胎氣壓略有調整才對。例如：夏季應比冬季低5%-7%，因考慮到夏季氣溫高，氣體受熱，壓力增高，相反冬季必須達到標準氣壓或略低一點。
10、忌水箱開鍋驟加冷水
發動機超負荷作業、sanrebuhaohuoshuixiangqueshuidouhuizaochengshuixiangkaiguo，cishiruguolikejiarulengshui，jiuhuidaozhiganggaihegangtizhalie。yinci，shiyongzhongyidanfaxianshuixiangkaiguo，yingcaiquyingjicuoshitingzhizuoye，shichaiyoujilengqueshuizixingjiangwen。
