卷揚機起升結構的組成及型式

 

　　一、起升組織的組成

 

　　卷揚機起升組織是使重物作升降運動的組織，它是任何起重機必不可少和最主要最基本的組織。此次規劃的電動5噸卷揚機是由電動機、連軸器、製動器、減速器
、卷筒、導向滑輪、起升滑輪組
、釣鉤等組成，其各方麵的組織散布

 

　　1—電動機2—聯軸器3—減速器4—卷筒

 

　　5—導向滑輪6—滑輪組7—吊鉤

 

　　電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)正(zheng)轉(zhuan)或(huo)回(hui)轉(zhuan)時(shi)
，製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)鬆(song)開(kai)
，通(tong)過(guo)帶(dai)製(zhi)動(dong)輪(lun)的(de)聯(lian)軸(zhou)器(qi)帶(dai)動(dong)減(jian)速(su)器(qi)高(gao)速(su)軸(zhou)，經(jing)減(jian)速(su)器(qi)減(jian)速(su)後(hou)由(you)低(di)速(su)軸(zhou)帶(dai)動(dong)卷(juan)筒(tong)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)，使(shi)鋼(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)在(zai)卷(juan)筒(tong)上(shang)繞(rao)進(jin)或(huo)放(fang)出(chu)
，從(cong)而(er)使(shi)重(zhong)物(wu)起(qi)升(sheng)或(huo)下(xia)降(jiang)。電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)停(ting)止(zhi)滾(gun)動(dong)時(shi)
，依(yi)靠(kao)製(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)將(jiang)高(gao)速(su)軸(zhou)的(de)製(zhi)動(dong)輪(lun)刹(sha)住(zhu)
，使(shi)懸(xuan)吊(diao)的(de)重(zhong)物(wu)停(ting)止(zhi)在(zai)空(kong)中(zhong)。根(gen)據(ju)需(xu)求(qiu)起(qi)升(sheng)組(zu)織(zhi)上(shang)還(hai)可(ke)裝(zhuang)設(she)各(ge)種(zhong)輔(fu)助(zhu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，如(ru)起(qi)重(zhong)量(liang)限(xian)製(zhi)器(qi)、起升高度限位器

、速度限製器和鋼絲繩作多層卷繞時
，使鋼絲繩順序排列在卷筒上的排繩裝置等。

 

　　B起升組織的典型傳動型式

 

　　在(zai)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)與(yu)卷(juan)筒(tong)之(zhi)間(jian)一(yi)般(ban)選(xuan)用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)起(qi)重(zhong)用(yong)規(gui)範(fan)兩(liang)級(ji)減(jian)速(su)器(qi)。要(yao)求(qiu)低(di)速(su)時(shi)可(ke)選(xuan)用(yong)三(san)級(ji)大(da)傳(chuan)動(dong)比(bi)減(jian)速(su)器(qi)。為(wei)便(bian)於(yu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，在(zai)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)與(yu)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)常(chang)選(xuan)用(yong)具(ju)有(you)補(bu)償(chang)功(gong)能(neng)的(de)彈(dan)性(xing)柱(zhu)銷(xiao)連(lian)軸(zhou)器(qi)或(huo)齒(chi)輪(lun)連(lian)軸(zhou)器(qi)。前(qian)者(zhe)構(gou)造(zao)簡(jian)單(dan)並(bing)能(neng)起(qi)緩(huan)衝(chong)作(zuo)用(yong)，但(dan)彈(dan)性(xing)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)圈(quan)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)不(bu)長(chang)；後hou者zhe堅jian固gu耐nai用yong，使shi用yong最zui廣guang。齒chi輪lun連lian軸zhou器qi的de壽shou命ming與yu裝zhuang置zhi質zhi量liang有you關guan，而er且qie需xu求qiu常chang常chang光guang滑hua。一yi般ban製zhi動dong器qi都dou裝zhuang置zhi在zai高gao速su軸zhou上shang，這zhe樣yang所suo需xu求qiu的de製zhi動dong力li矩ju小xiao，相xiang應ying的de製zhi動dong器qi尺chi度du小xiao，重zhong量liang輕qing。常chang常chang使shi用yong聯lian軸zhou器qi的de一yi半ban兼jian作zuo製zhi動dong輪lun。帶dai製zhi動dong輪lun的de半ban體ti應ying裝zhuang置zhi在zai減jian速su器qi高gao速su軸zhou上shang。這zhe樣yang，即ji便bian聯lian軸zhou器qi被bei損sun壞huai，製zhi動dong器qi仍reng可ke把ba卷juan筒tong製zhi動dong住zhu
，以yi保bao證zheng組zu織zhi的de安an全quan。

 

　　qishengzuzhidezhidongqiyoubiyaoxuanyongchangbishide。zhidonglijuyingbaozhengyouzugoudezhidonganquanxishu。zaizhongyaodeqishengzuzhizhongyoushishelianggezhidongqi，erdiergezhidongqikezhuangzhizaijiansuqigaosuzhoudelingyishenchuduanhuozhuangshezaidiandongjideweibuchuzhoushang。weishizuzhibuzhibianlibingzengdabuchangnengli
，zaidiandongjiyujiansujizhijiankeyongfudongzhouxianjie
，fudongzhoudeliangtouweibanchilunlianzhouqi。yinweijuantongyujiansuqidisuzhouzhijiandexianjiexingshixuduo。benjuanyangjidejuantongyudisuzhoudexianjieweidaichilunjiepandejiegouxingshi，juantongzhouzuoduanyongziweizhouchengzhichengyujiansuqishuchuzhoudeneiqiangzhouchengzuozhong
，disuzhoudewaiyuanzhichengwaichilun，tayugudingzaijuantongshangdedaineichilundejiepanxiangniehe，xingchengyigechilunlianzhouqichuandiniuju，bingnenggoubuchangbidingdezhuangzhichacuo。zaichilunlianzhouqiwaice，jijiejinjiansuqideyicezhuangyoupoufenshimifenggai，yifangzhilianzhouqineideguanghuayouliuchulaihewaimiandehuichenjinru。zhezhongxianjiexingshidechangchushijiegoujincou，zhouxiangchiduxiao，fenzuxinghao
，nengbuchangjiansuqiyujuantongzhouzhijiandezhuangzhichacuo。

 

　　juantongdezhijingyibanjinliangxuanyongdayingdejiaoxiaozhi

，yinweisuizhejuantongzhijingdezengjia，niujuhejiansuchuandongbiyezengda，yinqizhenggezuzhipangda。danzaiqishenggaodujiaodashi
，wangwangyongzengdajuantongzhijingdebanfayijianxiaoqichangdu.滑輪組型式（單聯或雙聯）和(he)它(ta)的(de)倍(bei)率(lv)對(dui)起(qi)升(sheng)組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)尺(chi)度(du)也(ye)有(you)很(hen)大(da)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。在(zai)橋(qiao)式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)中(zhong)選(xuan)用(yong)雙(shuang)聯(lian)滑(hua)輪(lun)組(zu)
，一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)使(shi)卷(juan)筒(tong)兩(liang)支(zhi)撐(cheng)上(shang)的(de)受(shou)力(li)不(bu)變(bian)，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)使(shi)運(yun)行(xing)小(xiao)車(che)兩(liang)頭(tou)的(de)軌(gui)道(dao)輪(lun)壓(ya)不(bu)變(bian)，這(zhe)對(dui)橋(qiao)架(jia)和(he)小(xiao)車(che)車(che)架(jia)受(shou)力(li)使(shi)有(you)利(li)的(de)
；另ling一yi方fang麵mian是shi使shi重zhong物wu在zai起qi升sheng過guo程cheng中zhong不bu作zuo橫heng向xiang移yi動dong。但dan因yin為wei雙shuang聯lian滑hua輪lun組zu的de倍bei率lv比bi單dan聯lian滑hua輪lun組zu小xiao一yi倍bei，起qi升sheng組zu織zhi的de傳chuan動dong比bi也ye需xu求qiu增zeng大da一yi倍bei，這zhe就jiu使shi組zu織zhi尺chi度du增zeng大da，所suo以yi其qi他ta的de起qi重zhong機ji選xuan用yong單dan聯lian滑hua輪lun組zu，此ci次ci規gui劃hua的de是shi5噸橋式起重機的卷揚機
，因此選用雙聯滑輪組

 

　　1、動滑輪2、定滑輪3
、卷筒

 

　　滑輪組的倍率的確認對鋼絲繩的拉力
、卷筒直徑與長度、減jian速su組zu織zhi的de傳chuan動dong比bi以yi及ji組zu織zhi的de總zong體ti尺chi度du有you很hen大da的de影ying響xiang。大da起qi重zhong量liang選xuan用yong較jiao大da的de倍bei率lv，可ke防fang止zhi選xuan用yong過guo粗cu的de鋼gang絲si繩sheng。有you時shi在zai選xuan用yong較jiao大da的de滑hua輪lun組zu倍bei率lv的de同tong時shi相xiang應ying的de降jiang低di了le起qi升sheng速su度du的de辦ban法fa來lai進jin步bu起qi重zhong量liang，能neng夠gou使shi起qi升sheng組zu織zhi達da到dao通tong用yong性xing，即ji將jiang同tong一yi起qi升sheng組zu織zhi用yong於yu不bu同tong的de起qi重zhong量liang，這zhe是shi在zai係xi列lie規gui劃hua經jing常chang選xuan用yong的de辦ban法fa。

 

　　起升組織計算是在給定了規劃參數，並將布置計劃確認後進行的，通過計算選用組織中所需求的規範零部件，如電動機、製動器、減速器和聯軸器等。對於非規範零部件需進行單獨規劃。此卷揚機規劃進步載荷5噸，主要用於煉鋼廠5噸橋式起重機上，本卷揚機是使用煉鋼廠現有設備和資料湊集而成，因此與規範的5噸卷揚機規劃略有不同。