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下載手機APP 尼泊爾潛在的水電資源吸引著許多世界承攬商的重視，上世紀70niandaijiuyouyixiefadaguojiadechenglanshangjinru。zhenduiniboerdutedegongchengbanlihuanjing，jinrugaishangchangdeshigongqiyeyingjuyouminruidesuopeirenshihejingquedepanduanli。benwenjiehebizhezainiboerdexiangmushigongyueli，duishuidianxiangmushigongjinchengzhongchangjiandesuopeidianjiyingduicelvejinxingpouxi，yiqiweizainicongshichenglangongchengyewudezhongziqiye供給借鑒和參考。
火工材料批閱的延誤
尼泊爾國內無力出產可供工程建造運用的許多且高質量的火工材料，隻能從印度進口。但尼泊爾火工材料進口批閱進程環節繁多、鏈條極長、基礎文件量大、硬(ying)件(jian)設(she)備(bei)要(yao)求(qiu)高(gao)，進(jin)口(kou)批(pi)閱(yue)須(xu)分(fen)別(bie)通(tong)過(guo)尼(ni)泊(bo)爾(er)和(he)印(yin)度(du)兩(liang)個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)政(zheng)府(fu)及(ji)戎(rong)行(xing)多(duo)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)部(bu)分(fen)的(de)同(tong)意(yi)後(hou)方(fang)可(ke)答(da)應(ying)進(jin)口(kou)。待(dai)火(huo)工(gong)材(cai)料(liao)進(jin)入(ru)尼(ni)泊(bo)爾(er)境(jing)內(nei)後(hou)，其(qi)仍(reng)須(xu)由(you)尼(ni)泊(bo)爾(er)戎(rong)行(xing)安(an)排(pai)押(ya)運(yun)至(zhi)項(xiang)目(mu)現(xian)場(chang)，並(bing)由(you)尼(ni)泊(bo)爾(er)戎(rong)行(xing)直(zhi)接(jie)管(guan)控(kong)火(huo)工(gong)材(cai)料(liao)運(yun)用(yong)的(de)每(mei)個(ge)環(huan)節(jie)。因(yin)此(ci)，火(huo)工(gong)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)進(jin)口(kou)能(neng)否(fou)快(kuai)速(su)有(you)效(xiao)地(di)獲(huo)得(de)同(tong)意(yi)並(bing)運(yun)至(zhi)現(xian)場(chang)，直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)著(zhe)水(shui)電(dian)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)進(jin)度(du)。
麵mian對dui火huo工gong材cai料liao複fu雜za繁fan瑣suo的de批pi閱yue流liu程cheng，承cheng攬lan商shang應ying具ju有you敏min銳rui的de合he同tong認ren識shi，厚hou實shi細xi致zhi地di開kai展zhan工gong作zuo，做zuo好hao進jin程cheng記ji載zai，收shou集ji材cai料liao，預yu備bei好hao因yin為wei當dang地di政zheng府fu批pi閱yue延yan誤wu而er形xing成cheng火huo工gong材cai料liao無wu法fa出chu場chang等deng狀zhuang況kuang的de索suo賠pei材cai料liao預yu備bei。
出場路途的延誤
chufeihetongzhonglingyouyuehao，anzhaozainiboeryiwangdexiangmuchenglanguanli，yezhuyibandanrenxiangmuchuchanglutudeshigonghejianzao，chenglanbaozhengchenglanshangjinruxiangmuxianchangdeyiwu。yinweiniboerdeshandimianjijiaodaqiedixingfuza，xuanyaqiaobisuichukejian，ershuidianxiangmuwangwangzuoluobijiaopianyuandeshanqu，xuduoshanqushangbujuyoutongxingtiaojian，qielutushigongnanduda，zhejiuzhishixiangmuzhongbiaohouchuchanglutubujuyoutongxingtiaojianhuoshangweijianzao，xingchengchenglanshangwufazhunshijinzhuxianchangkaizhanshigongzuoyehuodong。
zaizhezhongzhuangkuangxia，chenglanshangzaiyezhuxiafazhengshikaigonglinghou，yinggenjuxianchangdeshijizhuangkuang，jishianzhaohetongyuehaozaiguidingdeqixianneitijiaosuopeigaosu，bingzuohaojinchengjizai，weihouqidehetongsuopeihegongqiyanshendiandingjichu。
油料缺少的延誤
尼泊爾國內不出產油料，一切的油料都是從印度進口。而尼泊爾的人均工資和消費水平都比較低，假如油料公司(NepalOilCorporation，NOC)deyouliaojiageguogao，niboerrenbianhuijuxingtinggonghuodong。zaizhezhongzhuangkuangxia，niboerzhengfuxuqiuduiyouliaogongsijinxinghongguantiaokongyouliaojiage，daozhiyouliaogongsideyinglidadaxiajiang。yinci，niboerdeyouliaogongsichangchangxingtingzhiduizhenggeniboerdeyouliaogongying，yixiajiangdiushi，xingchengniboeryouliaoqueshaodexianxiang。jutongji，2012-2015年間因為尼泊爾油料公司的原因此形成國家油料缺少的狀況達70餘次。
對dui此ci，承cheng攬lan商shang應ying在zai項xiang目mu施shi工gong進jin程cheng中zhong，及ji時shi洞dong悉xi尼ni泊bo爾er的de油you價jia走zou勢shi，重zhong視shi油you料liao供gong應ying狀zhuang況kuang，在zai國guo家jia產chan生sheng大da範fan圍wei油you料liao缺que少shao的de狀zhuang況kuang下xia，運yun用yong恰qia當dang的de合he同tong條tiao款kuan，向xiang業ye主zhu宣xuan布bu索suo賠pei告gao訴su，做zuo好hao進jin程cheng記ji載zai，並bing當dang令ling提ti交jiao進jin程cheng索suo賠pei陳chen述shu。
施工接壤麵形成的延誤
在尼泊爾，一個大型的世界承攬項目往往會觸及多個工程標段，而不同的工程標段一般由不同的承攬商中標施工，主要觸及土建承攬商、機ji電dian承cheng攬lan商shang和he線xian路lu承cheng攬lan商shang等deng。因yin為wei水shui電dian項xiang目mu的de整zheng體ti性xing，不bu同tong承cheng攬lan商shang難nan免mian會hui觸chu及ji施shi工gong接jie壤rang方fang麵mian的de交jiao流liu和he協xie調tiao工gong作zuo，如ru土tu建jian承cheng攬lan商shang需xu求qiu機ji電dian承cheng攬lan商shang供gong給gei預yu埋mai圖tu紙zhi或huo安an裝zhuang相xiang應ying預yu埋mai件jian後hou方fang可ke進jin行xing下xia一yi道dao的de混hun凝ning土tu施shi工gong，機ji電dian承cheng攬lan商shang需xu求qiu線xian路lu承cheng攬lan商shang安an裝zhuang關guan鍵jian部bu位wei的de電dian氣qi元yuan件jian或huo高gao壓ya電dian纜lan後hou方fang可ke進jin行xing下xia一yi步bu的de機ji電dian安an裝zhuang等deng。而er因yin為wei不bu同tong標biao段duan的de承cheng攬lan商shang在zai施shi工gong能neng力li、企業文化、項目辦理、shigongyuelidengfangmianchayihenda，nanmianhuixingchengshigongjinchengzhongdejierangmiandichuhuoyinweimouyibiaoduanchenglanshangweizhunshiwanjieguanjianbuzhoueryingxianglingyibiaoduanchenglanshangshigongdexianxiang，huoyinweiqitabiaoduanjinduhuanman，huojierangmianyanshoubujishierdaozhichenglanshangzaoshoudiushidejushi。
在zai這zhe種zhong狀zhuang況kuang下xia，承cheng攬lan商shang在zai合he同tong辦ban理li方fang麵mian應ying嚴yan厲li履lv行xing合he同tong義yi務wu，及ji時shi宣xuan布bu提ti醒xing告gao訴su要yao求qiu某mou一yi標biao段duan承cheng攬lan商shang及ji時shi進jin行xing作zuo業ye，在zai認ren識shi到dao自zi己ji的de施shi工gong進jin度du因yin為wei某mou一yi標biao段duan承cheng攬lan商shang不bu履lv約yue而er遭zao受shou延yan誤wu時shi，應ying及ji時shi向xiang業ye主zhu宣xuan布bu索suo賠pei告gao訴su，做zuo好hao文wen件jian記ji載zai，為wei下xia一yi步bu的de工gong期qi延yan伸shen和he費fei用yong索suo賠pei做zuo好hao鋪pu墊dian。
停工形成的延誤
尼泊爾的政局不穩定、dangpaixuduo，jidadangpailunfanzhongxuanzhizheng，bingqieqiguojiaxingzhijueyileniboershiyigeminzhuqiedangpaitinggonghuodongpinfadeguojia。dandangxindedangpaizhongxuanzhizhenghou，xiangguanzhengfuderenyuanyesuizhigenghuan，duishangyirenzhengfuyijingzuochudexiangguanjuecechangchangjinxingfourenhuogenggai，zhejiajuletinggonghuodongdechansheng。tinggongqijian，yiqiecheliangzhizhitongxing、一切施工物資製止進口，這對在尼泊爾施工的水電承攬商而言無疑會形成施工材料受阻、政府部分批閱阻滯、現場勞務離開現場、出場路途中止等事情的產生，直接影響著項目的施工進度和完工日期，也會產生相應的窩工或誤工方麵的丟失。據統計，2012-2015年，因為政黨紛爭和利益問題，尼泊爾產生大規模停工200餘次，其中導致路途中止影響材料無法正常運輸的有60餘次。
作zuo為wei一yi個ge有you閱yue曆li的de世shi界jie承cheng攬lan商shang，在zai停ting工gong產chan生sheng後hou應ying有you效xiao地di運yun用yong合he同tong保bao護hu自zi己ji的de權quan益yi，及ji時shi宣xuan布bu索suo賠pei意yi向xiang，在zai保bao證zheng現xian場chang設she備bei物wu資zi及ji人ren員yuan安an全quan的de一yi起qi，做zuo好hao停ting工gong進jin程cheng的de丟diu失shi記ji載zai，並bing當dang令ling向xiang業ye主zhu提ti交jiao正zheng式shi的de索suo賠pei陳chen述shu文wen件jian，保bao護hu自zi身shen的de合he法fa權quan益yi。
工期延期的費用索賠
項(xiang)目(mu)工(gong)期(qi)一(yi)般(ban)指(zhi)建(jian)造(zao)一(yi)個(ge)項(xiang)目(mu)或(huo)一(yi)個(ge)單(dan)項(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)從(cong)正(zheng)式(shi)開(kai)工(gong)到(dao)全(quan)部(bu)建(jian)成(cheng)投(tou)產(chan)時(shi)所(suo)閱(yue)曆(li)的(de)時(shi)刻(ke)。對(dui)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)投(tou)資(zi)方(fang)來(lai)講(jiang)，項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)成(cheng)投(tou)產(chan)後(hou)需(xu)求(qiu)發(fa)揮(hui)必(bi)定(ding)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)，從(cong)而(er)從(cong)投(tou)產(chan)運(yun)營(ying)中(zhong)收(shou)回(hui)投(tou)資(zi)成(cheng)本(ben)。但(dan)若(ruo)項(xiang)目(mu)無(wu)法(fa)準(zhun)時(shi)投(tou)產(chan)，其(qi)將(jiang)麵(mian)臨(lin)著(zhe)高(gao)額(e)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)丟(diu)失(shi)，而(er)這(zhe)些(xie)丟(diu)失(shi)往(wang)往(wang)通(tong)過(guo)設(she)置(zhi)工(gong)期(qi)罰(fa)款(kuan)等(deng)方(fang)式(shi)轉(zhuan)嫁(jia)給(gei)承(cheng)攬(lan)商(shang)。對(dui)承(cheng)攬(lan)商(shang)而(er)言(yan)，在(zai)世(shi)界(jie)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)辦(ban)理(li)進(jin)程(cheng)中(zhong)，工(gong)期(qi)索(suo)賠(pei)與(yu)費(fei)用(yong)索(suo)賠(pei)往(wang)往(wang)分(fen)不(bu)開(kai)，承(cheng)攬(lan)商(shang)通(tong)過(guo)運(yun)用(yong)合(he)同(tong)條(tiao)款(kuan)，成(cheng)功(gong)獲(huo)得(de)了(le)業(ye)主(zhu)對(dui)工(gong)期(qi)的(de)延(yan)伸(shen)，不(bu)僅(jin)可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)承(cheng)攬(lan)商(shang)免(mian)於(yu)項(xiang)目(mu)節(jie)點(dian)或(huo)竣(jun)工(gong)日(ri)期(qi)的(de)罰(fa)款(kuan)，一(yi)般(ban)還(hai)可(ke)以(yi)就(jiu)與(yu)工(gong)期(qi)延(yan)伸(shen)的(de)一(yi)些(xie)相(xiang)關(guan)費(fei)用(yong)進(jin)行(xing)索(suo)賠(pei)，如(ru)辦(ban)理(li)費(fei)用(yong)、贏利、設備折舊費用、人員工資、gongsiyingyeediushifeideng。congzainiboershijiegongchengshigongdeyuelilaikan，gongqiyanwuguiyupubianxianxiang，erniboerdexiangmuyezhuzaizhefangmianjiqulefenghoudeyueli，changchangzaishigonghetongzhongqingxizhigeiyuchenglanshangjinxinggongqisuopeidequanli，erquxiaolechenglanshangrenheyinweiyezhuhuoyezhuqitabiaoduanchenglanshangerdaozhideyuyanqixiangguanderenhesunhai、額定補償或延期費用。
zainishigongdechenglanshangzaijinxingshigonghetongtanpanjinchengzhong，yingyuyezhudanweijinxingzhouxuan，zhengquzaihetongzhongfuyuchenglanshanghuodeyanqifeiyongdequanli，yixiajianghouqishigongjinchengzhongbubiyaodejingjidiushi。
不行預見的物質條件索賠
yinweiniboerguiyuduoshanguojia，zainiboerchenglandeshijieshuidianxiangmu，kaishandadongzaisuonanmian。erduiyudaduoshuxiangmuchenglanshangeryan，zaixiangmukaigonghouyudaoweinengyujianqiedaozhitianjiajianxingchengbenhuogongqidehuiqiwuzhitiaojianshiyouchansheng，ruzaidixiakaiwajinchengzhongchuxianyichanggaowenhuodixiashuiweigaodengxianxiang。
針對此種狀況，承攬商在項目招標進程中應要求業主供給詳細的工地踏勘、檢jian測ce和he盡jin職zhi調tiao查zha陳chen述shu等deng材cai料liao，便bian於yu在zai項xiang目mu招zhao標biao報bao價jia階jie段duan進jin行xing充chong分fen考kao慮lv。項xiang目mu開kai工gong後hou，若ruo現xian場chang出chu現xian與yu業ye主zhu供gong給gei的de勘kan測ce材cai料liao不bu一yi致zhi的de現xian象xiang，承cheng攬lan商shang應ying及ji時shi進jin行xing比bi對dui剖pou析xi，向xiang業ye主zhu提ti交jiao索suo賠pei意yi向xiang，並bing做zuo好hao剖pou析xi和he佐zuo證zheng，記ji載zai好hao現xian場chang因yin為wei晦hui氣qi物wu質zhi條tiao件jian所suo多duo投tou入ru的de人ren力li和he物wu力li等deng資zi源yuan，做zuo好hao費fei用yong核he算suan，並bing及ji時shi與yu業ye主zhu進jin行xing交jiao流liu和he承cheng認ren，提ti交jiao終zhong究jiu的de索suo賠pei文wen件jian。
不行抗力事情
zaishijiegongchengbanlijinchengzhong，buxingkangliyibanzhichenglanshangrenhefabaorenzaidingliheyiqibuxingyujian，zaigongchengshigongjinchengzhongbuxingbimianchansheng，qiebunengkefudeziranzaihaiheshehuixingtufashiqing，rudizhen、海嘯、瘟疫、水災、騷亂、暴動、戰役和專用合同條款約好的其他景象。而尼泊爾坐落全球著名的地震帶——地中海-喜馬拉雅地震帶上，由此形成尼泊爾地震一再產生，如2015年4月25日產生的8.1級地震。此外，尼泊爾氣候歸於季風性氣候，氣候可簡略分為雨季(4-9月)和旱季(10月-次年3月)，雨yu季ji下xia雨yu頻pin繁fan，降jiang雨yu量liang較jiao大da，而er尼ni泊bo爾er山shan路lu許xu多duo，受shou雨yu季ji的de影ying響xiang，尼ni泊bo爾er常chang常chang產chan生sheng山shan體ti滑hua坡po等deng自zi然ran災zai害hai，影ying響xiang路lu途tu通tong行xing及ji項xiang目mu施shi工gong進jin度du。
zhenduicileibuxingkanglishiqing，genjushijiegongchengdeyibanshijian，chenglanshangkeyicaiyongweixianbanyundecelve，zaixiangmukaigongqiantongguogoumaibaoxiandefangshibaweixianbanyungeibaoxianren。xiangmukaigonghou，zaiyudaobuxingkanglishiqingshi，chenglanshangyingzaizunshoubuxingkangligaosushixiandeyaoqiuxia，xiangyezhuxuanbubuxingkangligaosu，bingshuomingshoubuxingkangliyingxiangdezhuangkuang。yiqi，chenglanshangyingcaiqubanfa，jinliangxiajiangbuxingkanglishiqingdailaideyingxiang，zuohaoxianchangjizai，dingshixiangyezhutijiaobuxingkanglishiqingdeqizhongyingxiangchenshu，daibuxingkanglishiqingwanbihou，tijiaozhongjiudesuopeichenshu，duibuxingkanglishiqingchanshengqijianchenglanshangyinyezhuzhilingerchanshengdeedingfeiyongjixiangmugongqijinxingsuopei，xieshangxindezhongjiuwangongriqi。laiyuan：世界工程與勞務雜誌
(作者單位：中國電建集團海外投資有限公司)
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