製造業工業鏈供應鏈現代化的影響因素
抗kang衝chong擊ji性xing。製zhi造zao業ye工gong業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian現xian代dai化hua的de重zhong要yao表biao現xian之zhi一yi是shi在zai遭zao受shou外wai部bu衝chong擊ji或huo開kai展zhan環huan境jing產chan生sheng嚴yan重zhong變bian化hua時shi,工gong業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian能neng展zhan現xian出chu較jiao強qiang的de耐nai性xing和he抗kang衝chong擊ji才cai能neng。而er製zhi造zao業ye工gong業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian抗kang衝chong擊ji才cai能neng的de強qiang弱ruo首shou要yao取qu決jue於yu工gong業ye鏈lian要yao害hai環huan節jie的de自zi主zhu可ke控kong程cheng度du以yi及ji工gong業ye集ji群qun的de先xian進jin程cheng度du。
成(cheng)長(chang)性(xing)。工(gong)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)貫(guan)通(tong)有(you)利(li)於(yu)增(zeng)強(qiang)我(wo)國(guo)工(gong)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)的(de)耐(nai)性(xing)並(bing)推(tui)進(jin)其(qi)縱(zong)向(xiang)深(shen)化(hua)。主(zhu)體(ti)企(qi)業(ye)尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)高(gao)端(duan)智(zhi)能(neng)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)和(he)先(xian)進(jin)配(pei)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing),能(neng)明(ming)顯(xian)促(cu)進(jin)工(gong)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)結(jie)構(gou)多(duo)元(yuan)化(hua)開(kai)展(zhan)。
genzhixing。gongyegenzhixingdeqiangruoqujueyugongyeyaohaiyaosutourudewendingxinghekedaitixing。genzhixingyueqiangdegongyeyueburongyiyinwaibushangchangjingsaihechongjizaoshousunhuai,yuzhixiangguanliandegongyeyenengbiaoxianchugengqiangdekaizhannaixing。
經濟性。要素本錢是影響製造業工業鏈供應鏈現代化的根底性因素。一是出產要素本錢影響企業的盈利才能和出產功率;二是出產要素本錢影響企業的立異積極性;三是出產要素本錢關係工業鏈運行危險。
製造業工業鏈供應鏈現代化水平進步的動力機製
夯實工業根底才能是現代化的底子。工業根底才能首要包括工業開展所必需的中心根底零部件、先進根底工藝、要害根底資料和工業技能根底等工業“四基”。工gong業ye根gen底di影ying響xiang和he決jue議yi著zhe工gong業ye開kai展zhan質zhi量liang,是shi保bao證zheng製zhi造zao業ye工gong業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian控kong製zhi力li和he競jing賽sai力li的de要yao害hai才cai能neng。現xian階jie段duan,我wo國guo工gong業ye根gen底di才cai能neng仍reng相xiang對dui單dan薄bo,中zhong心xin根gen底di零ling部bu件jian和he要yao害hai根gen底di資zi料liao對dui外wai技ji能neng依yi存cun度du仍reng然ran較jiao高gao。因yin而er,夯hang實shi工gong業ye根gen底di才cai能neng是shi進jin步bu製zhi造zao業ye工gong業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian現xian代dai化hua水shui平ping的de底di子zi。夯hang實shi工gong業ye根gen底di才cai能neng可ke以yi進jin步bu工gong業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian的de競jing賽sai力li和he安an全quan水shui平ping,是shi工gong業ye開kai展zhan的de底di子zi條tiao件jian和he動dong力li之zhi源yuan。
qianghuagongyelianliyikaizhanshixiandaihuadezhicheng。liyishiyinlingkaizhandebangshoudongli,shituijinxinshigongyehuahexiandaihuagongyexitongjianzaodeqiangzhuangyinqing。kejiliyikeyicuishengxingongye、新形式、xindongneng,shikaizhanxinzhichuchanlidezhongxinyaosu。jianzaoanquanxingqiangdexiandaihuagongyexitongxuyaoyiqiangzhuangdekejiliyicainengweizhicheng。qianghuagongyelianliyikaizhanbujinnengtuijinxiangguangongyegexin,chongpeijifaliyishengji,kaishigongyeqianli,zhulijianzaozizhukekonghexianjingaoxiaodeshuzihua、智能化、綠色化工業鏈供應鏈現代化係統,還能推進我國製造業從低附加值向高附加值改變,增強本身抗衝擊才能。
加jia速su數shu字zi化hua低di碳tan轉zhuan型xing是shi現xian代dai化hua的de重zhong要yao路lu徑jing。黨dang的de二er十shi大da陳chen述shu提ti出chu,加jia速su開kai展zhan數shu字zi經jing濟ji,促cu進jin數shu字zi經jing濟ji和he實shi體ti經jing濟ji深shen度du交jiao融rong,打da造zao具ju有you世shi界jie競jing賽sai力li的de數shu字zi工gong業ye集ji群qun;加速開展方法綠色轉型,推進形成綠色低碳的出產方法和生活方法。首要,數字化低碳轉型可以推進工業智能化、綠色化開展,有助於建造更加完善、先進的現代化工業係統。其次,數字技能的使用和綠色低碳理念的遍及,可以推進我國製造業由高能耗、低附加值的傳統出產形式,轉為低排放、高附加值的先進出產形式。最終,數字化低碳轉型還可以促進製造業提質增效,推進製造業出產方法革新。
增zeng強qiang工gong業ye鏈lian控kong製zhi才cai能neng是shi現xian代dai化hua的de要yao害hai。工gong業ye鏈lian控kong製zhi才cai能neng越yue強qiang,其qi耐nai性xing就jiu越yue大da,現xian代dai化hua水shui平ping就jiu越yue高gao。因yin而er,增zeng強qiang工gong業ye鏈lian控kong製zhi才cai能neng是shi進jin步bu製zhi造zao業ye工gong業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian現xian代dai化hua水shui平ping的de要yao害hai。完wan備bei的de現xian代dai化hua工gong業ye係xi統tong可ke以yi有you效xiao增zeng強qiang我wo國guo製zhi造zao業ye工gong業ye鏈lian上shang下xia遊you協xie作zuo才cai能neng。完wan善shan工gong業ye結jie構gou,加jia速su建jian造zao現xian代dai化hua工gong業ye係xi統tong,是shi增zeng強qiang工gong業ye鏈lian控kong製zhi才cai能neng的de必bi定ding要yao求qiu;而完成要害環節自主可控是增強工業鏈控製才能的根底。
zhengcezhichengyuhelibujushixiandaihuadebaozheng。gongyequyubujuzuoweigongyeliangongyinglianxiandaihuashuipingdekongjiantouying,fanguolaiyehuizhijieyingxianggongyeliangongyingliandexiandaihuashuiping。youlidezhengcezhichenghehelidequyubujushizhizaoyegongyeliangongyinglianxiandaihuadejianshibaozheng。yiner,yingxietiaoziyuanpeizhi,jinbuziyuanyunyonggonglv,guwuqiyejiadayanzhitouru,huoqukechixuxingjingsaili,yiqituijingongyezaiquyujianhelibuju。
進步製造業工業鏈供應鏈現代化水平的建議
榜(bang)首(shou),實(shi)施(shi)工(gong)業(ye)根(gen)底(di)再(zai)造(zao),進(jin)步(bu)協(xie)同(tong)開(kai)展(zhan)才(cai)能(neng)。一(yi)是(shi)充(chong)沛(pei)發(fa)揮(hui)新(xin)式(shi)舉(ju)國(guo)體(ti)係(xi)優(you)勢(shi),進(jin)步(bu)工(gong)業(ye)根(gen)底(di)才(cai)能(neng)。高(gao)效(xiao)配(pei)置(zhi)科(ke)創(chuang)力(li)氣(qi)和(he)研(yan)製(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan),加(jia)強(qiang)跨(kua)範(fan)疇(chou)、跨學科溝通協作,健全要害中心技能攻關新式舉國體係,打造傑出的立異生態。一起,引導企業樹立質量為先、精雕細鏤的認識,破解高素質人才匱乏難題,補齊工業“四基”短(duan)板(ban),為(wei)工(gong)業(ye)提(ti)質(zhi)增(zeng)效(xiao)打(da)好(hao)根(gen)底(di)。二(er)是(shi)樹(shu)立(li)協(xie)調(tiao)開(kai)展(zhan)機(ji)製(zhi),增(zeng)強(qiang)工(gong)業(ye)鏈(lian)耐(nai)性(xing)。加(jia)強(qiang)鏈(lian)上(shang)企(qi)業(ye)間(jian)的(de)協(xie)作(zuo)並(bing)樹(shu)立(li)渠(qu)道(dao)資(zi)源(yuan)共(gong)享(xiang)機(ji)製(zhi),經(jing)過(guo)技(ji)能(neng)搬(ban)運(yun)和(he)經(jing)曆(li)學(xue)習(xi),縮(suo)短(duan)要(yao)害(hai)中(zhong)心(xin)技(ji)能(neng)研(yan)製(zhi)周(zhou)期(qi),降(jiang)低(di)工(gong)業(ye)開(kai)展(zhan)危(wei)險(xian)。一(yi)起(qi),清(qing)理(li)製(zhi)約(yue)人(ren)才(cai)、資本等要素自由活動的準則障礙,完善公平競賽審查準則,標準商場競賽行為,樹立協同攻關的體係機製。
第(di)二(er),打(da)造(zao)研(yan)製(zhi)立(li)異(yi)渠(qu)道(dao),整(zheng)合(he)科(ke)技(ji)立(li)異(yi)資(zi)源(yuan)。一(yi)是(shi)打(da)造(zao)區(qu)域(yu)科(ke)技(ji)立(li)異(yi)引(yin)擎(qing),夯(hang)實(shi)研(yan)製(zhi)立(li)異(yi)係(xi)統(tong)之(zhi)基(ji)。將(jiang)工(gong)業(ye)集(ji)群(qun)與(yu)區(qu)域(yu)特(te)征(zheng)相(xiang)結(jie)合(he),打(da)造(zao)服(fu)務(wu)於(yu)當(dang)地(di)工(gong)業(ye)且(qie)適(shi)配(pei)度(du)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)技(ji)能(neng)研(yan)製(zhi)機(ji)構(gou),構(gou)建(jian)區(qu)域(yu)工(gong)業(ye)共(gong)性(xing)技(ji)能(neng)研(yan)製(zhi)係(xi)統(tong)。一(yi)起(qi),推(tui)進(jin)建(jian)造(zao)一(yi)批(pi)工(gong)業(ye)技(ji)能(neng)研(yan)製(zhi)中(zhong)心(xin)、先進製造業技能立異中心等嚴重渠道,引導其與相關範疇工業鏈供應鏈緊密對接,消除科技立異中的“孤島現象”。二是整合科技立異資源,打破要害中心技能壁壘。為應對工業鏈供應鏈存在“斷鏈”的隱患,既要麵向全球廣納賢才,打造高水平的科研團隊,進行長時間技能攻關,以完成中心技能自主可控;也要推進產學研一體化,加強各主體間深度交融,促進工業鏈和立異鏈雙鏈耦合。
第三,推進數實交融開展,構建綠色生態係統。一是推進數字經濟和綠色生態深度交融、聯動開展。運用數字技能完成企業工作、出產、運送、服(fu)務(wu)等(deng)全(quan)流(liu)程(cheng)的(de)綠(lv)色(se)化(hua),並(bing)擬(ni)定(ding)監(jian)測(ce)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)采(cai)集(ji)流(liu)程(cheng)和(he)運(yun)用(yong)標(biao)準(zhun),確(que)保(bao)綠(lv)色(se)價(jia)值(zhi)鏈(lian)和(he)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)安(an)全(quan)穩(wen)定(ding)。加(jia)速(su)建(jian)造(zao)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)和(he)綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)協(xie)同(tong)開(kai)展(zhan)演(yan)示(shi)區(qu),探(tan)索(suo)可(ke)仿(fang)製(zhi)推(tui)行(xing)的(de)開(kai)展(zhan)經(jing)曆(li)。二(er)是(shi)以(yi)實(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)推(tui)進(jin)綠(lv)色(se)生(sheng)態(tai)係(xi)統(tong)建(jian)造(zao)。鼓(gu)舞(wu)傳(chuan)統(tong)工(gong)業(ye)歸(gui)納(na)運(yun)用(yong)雲(yun)核(he)算(suan)等(deng)新(xin)一(yi)代(dai)信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)能(neng),完(wan)成(cheng)碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)精(jing)細(xi)化(hua)辦(ban)理(li)。以(yi)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)促(cu)進(jin)綠(lv)色(se)化(hua),加(jia)強(qiang)生(sheng)態(tai)工(gong)業(ye)數(shu)字(zi)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)立(li)異(yi)探(tan)索(suo),促(cu)進(jin)資(zi)源(yuan)最(zui)優(you)運(yun)用(yong)與(yu)高(gao)效(xiao)分(fen)配(pei),完(wan)成(cheng)1+1>2的整體效益,進而推進綠色生態係統建造。
disi,peiyanggongyelianlianzhuqiye,zengqianggongyekongzhicaineng。yishijianchiguwufuneng,peiyangyipijuyoushengtaizhudaocainengdelianzhuqiye。biaozhunlianzhuqiyelinxuanbiaozhun,weilianzhuqiyegonggeizijin、人才、渠道等要素支撐,鼓舞其在工業生態聚合、鏈條價值進步、工業協同立異和融通開展等方麵持續發力。一起,鏈主企業應自動承擔延鏈、補鏈、強鏈等職責,積極開展要害中心技能攻關研討,並經過資源共享、工gong業ye配pei套tao和he技ji能neng支zhi撐cheng,帶dai動dong製zhi造zao業ye工gong業ye鏈lian上shang下xia遊you企qi業ye協xie作zuo共gong贏ying。二er是shi壓ya緊jin壓ya實shi主zhu體ti職zhi責ze,標biao準zhun鏈lian主zhu企qi業ye的de商shang場chang行xing為wei。構gou建jian鏈lian主zhu企qi業ye考kao核he評ping價jia指zhi標biao係xi統tong,歸gui納na評ping價jia鏈lian主zhu企qi業ye發fa揮hui工gong業ye鏈lian帶dai動dong效xiao果guo實shi效xiao,調tiao查zha其qi生sheng態tai主zhu導dao力li和he工gong業ye鏈lian控kong製zhi力li。預yu防fang鏈lian主zhu企qi業ye在zai所suo屬shu行xing業ye中zhong的de過guo度du獨du占zhan行xing為wei,維wei護hu公gong平ping競jing賽sai的de商shang場chang秩zhi序xu。
diwu,jianchizouzhuanjingtexinzhilu,chongpeifahuiyinlingyanshixiaoguo。yishishulitidupeiyangxitong,fahuiyinlingyanshixiaoguo。zairendingzhuanjingtexinzhongxiaoqiyeshi,bangzhuqiyelejiebenshenshiliheqianli,renqingkaizhanduanbanhegaishanfangxiang。yiqi,chongpeifahuiyouzhiqiyeyinlingdaidongxiaoguo,jingguozaigongyelianzhongdeyanshixiaoying,weiqitaqiyegonggeijinglixuexi。ershifahuizhengfudaoxiangxiaoguo,peiyangzhuanjingtexinqiye。jibiaozhangjianglichanpinfujiazhigao、工業配套才能強、細分範疇技能搶先的“單項冠軍”和“獨角獸”企業,也鼓舞紮根於單一範疇且在該範疇內具有一定影響力的企業,以此形成良性工業生態,更好發揮各自優勢。
第六,優化區域開展格式,拓寬世界協作空間。一是構建優勢互補、錯位開展的國內製造業開展新格式。立足區位優勢、稟賦條件、競賽優勢等,擬定區域製造業開展規劃,樹立優勢互補、互(hu)利(li)共(gong)贏(ying)的(de)競(jing)合(he)關(guan)係(xi),完(wan)成(cheng)區(qu)域(yu)間(jian)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)錯(cuo)位(wei)協(xie)同(tong)開(kai)展(zhan),避(bi)免(mian)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)同(tong)質(zhi)化(hua)競(jing)賽(sai)。圍(wei)繞(rao)要(yao)點(dian)開(kai)展(zhan)範(fan)疇(chou),啟(qi)動(dong)要(yao)點(dian)工(gong)業(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)建(jian)造(zao)工(gong)作(zuo),打(da)造(zao)工(gong)業(ye)協(xie)作(zuo)配(pei)套(tao)基(ji)地(di),積(ji)極(ji)延(yan)伸(shen)工(gong)業(ye)鏈(lian)後(hou)端(duan)。二(er)是(shi)拓(tuo)寬(kuan)世(shi)界(jie)協(xie)作(zuo)空(kong)間(jian),形(xing)成(cheng)雙(shuang)向(xiang)開(kai)放(fang)的(de)格(ge)式(shi)。以(yi)共(gong)建(jian)“一帶一路”建議為契機,加強製造業企業跨國協作,布置一批強化多邊經貿協作的嚴重項目;持續削減關稅及非關稅壁壘,吸引優質外商來華出資,借助國外先進技能推進我國製造業轉型升級。
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