吊重對起重機鋼絲繩動力衝擊時的緩衝設計分析

 

起重機械是機械、tumudenggongchengzhongchangyongjixieqibei。zaitongchangdeqingkuangxia，qizhongjiqidiaozhongwushi
，diaozhongduiqizhongjigangsishengchanshengdedonglichongjiduiqizhongjijiegoudeyingxiangbuda。danshi，zaimouxieqingkuangxia
，diaozhongduiqizhongjigangsishengchanshengdedonglichongjiduiqizhongjijiegoudeyingxiangshibukehulvede。liru，daxingzhuzaochejianduocaiyongqizhongjibazhujiandiaozhishuibaochizhong，duizhujianjinxingshuibaoqingsha，youyuzhujianderenshuiwenduzai400：-600zhang，yincizhujianrenshuihouhuichanshengshuizhengqi，congerdaozhizhujiantiaochushuimianchanshengtiaodong，xingchengdiaozhongduiqizhongjigangsishengdedonglichongji，youshishenzhilianqizhongjidouhuichanshengtiaodong，cidonglichongjiduiqizhongjijiegoudeweihaiheyingxiangshixiangdangyanzhongde。

 

~采(cai)用(yong)波(bo)動(dong)理(li)論(lun)研(yan)究(jiu)杆(gan)件(jian)的(de)衝(chong)擊(ji)
，由(you)於(yu)吊(diao)重(zhong)對(dui)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)鋼(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)的(de)動(dong)力(li)衝(chong)擊(ji)是(shi)波(bo)動(dong)問(wen)題(ti)，所(suo)以(yi)本(ben)文(wen)采(cai)用(yong)波(bo)動(dong)理(li)論(lun)研(yan)究(jiu)吊(diao)重(zhong)對(dui)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)鋼(gang)絲(si)繩(sheng)的(de)動(dong)力(li)衝(chong)擊(ji)，通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)例(li)的(de)衝(chong)擊(ji)。

 

1動力衝擊的理論分析1.1無減振彈簧的吊重係統一般鑄造車間都把鋼絲繩與所示吊鉤直接連接，形成所示吊重係統。1吊diao鉤gou示shi意yi吊diao重zhong係xi統tong首shou先xian，以yi所suo示shi吊diao重zhong係xi統tong為wei例li

，研yan究jiu吊diao重zhong對dui鋼gang絲si繩sheng的de動dong力li衝chong擊ji問wen題ti，對dui於yu所suo示shi力li學xue模mo型xing，由you彈dan性xing振zhen動dong理li論lun可ke知zhi其qi縱zong向xiang振zhen動dong控kong製zhi方fang程cheng為wei設she吊diao重zhong以yi速su度duF.開始對鋼絲繩衝擊的瞬間為初始時刻
，可知初始條件為與減振彈簧連接端處的張力為2工程實例分析bookmark2某工廠鑄造車間主跨12m，有一台單梁式5tqizhongji，youyushengchanxuyaoxiujianshuibaochi，duizhujianjinxingshuibaoqingsha。danshi

，zhujianrenshuihouyouyugaowenshibufenshuibianweizhengqiershizhujiantiaodong，zhujianzaiciluoshuiduigangsishengchanshengdechongjili
，youshihuishiqizhongjichanshengtiaodong。weilejianxiaoshuibaoqingshaduiqizhongjichanshengdetiaodong
，tongchanggongchengshijizhongshiyongdesuoshigangxinglianjiediaogoushejichengsuoshidedanxinghuanchongdiaogou。xianjulishuomingdanxinghuanchongdiaogoudeyoudian。

 

有減振彈簧時吊重對鋼絲繩的衝擊力鋼絲繩產生的*大衝擊力為177.402kN，所示吊重係統的吊重對鋼絲繩產生的*大衝擊力為R967kN，前者是後者的1L85倍
，而且所示吊重係統的吊重對鋼絲繩的衝擊力在0.4s左zuo右you就jiu衰shuai減jian為wei吊diao重zhong的de質zhi量liang，這zhe充chong分fen說shuo明ming減jian振zhen彈dan簧huang的de緩huan衝chong作zuo用yong是shi非fei常chang明ming顯xian的de。若ruo采cai用yong材cai料liao力li學xue的de能neng量liang法fa可ke計ji算suan出chu所suo示shi吊diao重zhong係xi統tong的de吊diao重zhong對dui鋼gang絲si繩sheng的de*大衝擊力為129.262kN，此結果僅為波動理論計算結果的0.729bei，name
，weishenmenengliangfadejieguoyubodonglilundejieguoxiangcharucidane

，genbenyuanyinshinengliangfabachongjiwentidedongtaibenzhi，jiwuliliangdeshikongyanbianguochenghuobodongguochenggeihulvele，suoyinengliangfajisuande*大衝擊力既不是上限也不是下限，吊重對鋼絲繩的動力衝擊是一個波動問題
，顯然應該用波動理論來研究。

 

設起重機承重鋼絲繩為雙股，鋼絲繩每股長4m
，每股鋼絲繩的橫截麵積為3xl（T4m2，鋼絲繩彈性模量為￡=2.1><1011~/1112
，繩的單位密度p=5.215kg/m，緩衝彈簧的剛度h3.92x105N/m，鑄件人水後跳起高度據現場調查可設鑄件對所示吊重係統和所示吊重係統的鋼絲繩產生的衝擊力，分別用式（14）
、式（26）進行計算模擬，具體結果可見
、。

 

由
、可知所示吊重係統的吊重對某工廠鑄件車間的單梁式起重機采用了所示吊重係統後
，水爆1tzhongdechechuangchuangshen
，qizhongjiyunxingzhengchangqiezhendongjixiao
，zheshuomingjianzhendanhuangxiaoguojihao

，shigaigongchangbimianleniduichangfangjiegoujinxinggaizaohuogenghuanqizhongshebeidejihua。