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工程機械管理的重要性和意義
工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)論(lun)對(dui)於(yu)社(she)會(hui)安(an)全(quan)穩(wen)定(ding)還(hai)是(shi)對(dui)於(yu)施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)未(wei)來(lai)發(fa)展(zhan)都(dou)具(ju)有(you)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)現(xian)實(shi)意(yi)義(yi)。首(shou)先(xian)，在(zai)大(da)型(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)中(zhong)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)機(ji)械(xie)由(you)於(yu)各(ge)方(fang)麵(mian)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)，經(jing)常(chang)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)各(ge)種(zhong)事(shi)故(gu)，會(hui)對(dui)人(ren)們(men)的(de)生(sheng)命(ming)財(cai)產(chan)安(an)全(quan)帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)很(hen)大(da)的(de)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)，通(tong)過(guo)加(jia)強(qiang)工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)，經(jing)常(chang)對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)進(jin)行(xing)維(wei)修(xiu)和(he)保(bao)養(yang)，確(que)保(bao)其(qi)安(an)全(quan)可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)運(yun)行(xing)，能(neng)夠(gou)大(da)幅(fu)度(du)的(de)減(jian)小(xiao)施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)事(shi)故(gu)發(fa)生(sheng)率(lv)，提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)安(an)全(quan)度(du)。其(qi)次(ci)，加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)於(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)，可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)水(shui)平(ping)，保(bao)證(zheng)各(ge)種(zhong)大(da)型(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)安(an)全(quan)使(shi)用(yong)，對(dui)於(yu)保(bao)障(zhang)社(she)會(hui)安(an)全(quan)穩(wen)定(ding)也(ye)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)促(cu)進(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)。此(ci)外(wai)，做(zuo)好(hao)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)，可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)的(de)利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)，降(jiang)低(di)施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)運(yun)營(ying)成(cheng)本(ben)和(he)維(wei)護(hu)成(cheng)本(ben)，對(dui)於(yu)提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)和(he)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)，促(cu)進(jin)企(qi)業(ye)更(geng)快(kuai)更(geng)好(hao)地(di)發(fa)展(zhan)也(ye)有(you)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)促(cu)進(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)。總(zong)體(ti)來(lai)說(shuo)，工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)論(lun)對(dui)於(yu)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)還(hai)是(shi)對(dui)於(yu)施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)未(wei)來(lai)發(fa)展(zhan)都(dou)是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)。
工程機械管理存在的問題
在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)的(de)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，湧(yong)現(xian)出(chu)來(lai)了(le)大(da)批(pi)的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)，越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo)的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)投(tou)入(ru)到(dao)施(shi)工(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)中(zhong)去(qu)，由(you)此(ci)也(ye)帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)各(ge)種(zhong)各(ge)樣(yang)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)，工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)亟(ji)待(dai)規(gui)範(fan)和(he)重(zhong)視(shi)。
2.1 工程機械設備管理比較混亂
工gong程cheng機ji械xie設she備bei管guan理li工gong作zuo比bi較jiao複fu雜za，要yao做zuo好hao機ji械xie設she備bei管guan理li工gong作zuo必bi須xu建jian立li完wan善shan的de管guan理li體ti製zhi，明ming確que相xiang關guan責ze任ren主zhu體ti，確que保bao管guan理li工gong作zuo責ze任ren落luo實shi到dao人ren。而er大da多duo數shu的de工gong程cheng施shi工gong企qi業ye對dui於yu工gong程cheng機ji械xie設she備bei的de管guan理li工gong作zuo都dou不bu夠gou重zhong視shi，管guan理li工gong作zuo比bi較jiao混hun亂luan，主zhu要yao表biao現xian為wei工gong程cheng施shi工gong企qi業ye並bing沒mei有you建jian立li專zhuan門men的de工gong程cheng機ji械xie管guan理li機ji構gou，相xiang應ying的de工gong程cheng機ji械xie管guan理li製zhi度du和he規gui範fan也ye沒mei有you完wan善shan，在zai機ji械xie設she備bei的de使shi用yong和he保bao養yang等deng方fang麵mian未wei建jian立li比bi較jiao詳xiang細xi的de台tai賬zhang，以yi至zhi於yu在zai開kai展zhan管guan理li工gong作zuo的de時shi候hou缺que乏fa相xiang應ying的de章zhang程cheng，管guan理li工gong作zuo比bi較jiao混hun亂luan，機ji械xie設she備bei使shi用yong過guo程cheng中zhong出chu現xian了le問wen題ti也ye難nan以yi明ming確que相xiang應ying的de責ze任ren主zhu體ti，機ji械xie設she備bei管guan理li工gong作zuo難nan以yi良liang好hao的de開kai展zhan。
2.2 工程機械設備的保養與使用相脫節，設備失修現象 比較嚴重
工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)屬(shu)於(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)固(gu)定(ding)資(zi)產(chan)，在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)由(you)於(yu)使(shi)用(yong)比(bi)較(jiao)頻(pin)繁(fan)，經(jing)常(chang)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)各(ge)種(zhong)故(gu)障(zhang)或(huo)問(wen)題(ti)，因(yin)此(ci)，工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)的(de)養(yang)護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)就(jiu)顯(xian)得(de)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)。而(er)部(bu)分(fen)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)並(bing)沒(mei)有(you)認(ren)識(shi)到(dao)對(dui)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)養(yang)護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)，由(you)於(yu)過(guo)於(yu)注(zhu)重(zhong)眼(yan)前(qian)的(de)利(li)益(yi)，缺(que)乏(fa)長(chang)遠(yuan)的(de)考(kao)慮(lv)，使(shi)得(de)很(hen)多(duo)工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)長(chang)期(qi)處(chu)於(yu)超(chao)負(fu)荷(he)運(yun)作(zuo)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，甚(shen)至(zhi)出(chu)現(xian)違(wei)規(gui)操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)加(jia)速(su)了(le)工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)的(de)磨(mo)損(sun)和(he)老(lao)化(hua)，縮(suo)短(duan)了(le)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)，另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)一(yi)旦(dan)工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)出(chu)現(xian)問(wen)題(ti)無(wu)法(fa)使(shi)用(yong)，需(xu)要(yao)花(hua)費(fei)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)精(jing)力(li)和(he)財(cai)力(li)進(jin)行(xing)維(wei)修(xiu)，增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)維(wei)修(xiu)成(cheng)本(ben)，延(yan)誤(wu)了(le)工(gong)程(cheng)工(gong)期(qi)，這(zhe)些(xie)都(dou)給(gei)工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)管(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)很(hen)大(da)的(de)困(kun)難(nan)。
2.3 維修技術落後，維修不及時現象較為普遍
隨(sui)著(zhe)科(ke)學(xue)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo)的(de)大(da)型(xing)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)投(tou)入(ru)到(dao)了(le)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，這(zhe)對(dui)於(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)維(wei)修(xiu)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)高(gao)，但(dan)是(shi)大(da)多(duo)數(shu)的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)維(wei)修(xiu)人(ren)員(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)維(wei)修(xiu)手(shou)段(duan)卻(que)跟(gen)不(bu)上(shang)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)的(de)更(geng)新(xin)速(su)度(du)，很(hen)多(duo)設(she)備(bei)都(dou)要(yao)送(song)到(dao)廠(chang)外(wai)維(wei)修(xiu)，大(da)大(da)增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)維(wei)修(xiu)成(cheng)本(ben)。另(ling)外(wai)，大(da)部(bu)分(fen)施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)都(dou)采(cai)取(qu)的(de)是(shi)事(shi)後(hou)維(wei)修(xiu)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)，一(yi)旦(dan)設(she)備(bei)出(chu)現(xian)問(wen)題(ti)，維(wei)修(xiu)不(bu)及(ji)時(shi)情(qing)況(kuang)經(jing)常(chang)出(chu)現(xian)，直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)工(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)度(du)，造(zao)成(cheng)了(le)人(ren)力(li)、物力和財力的大量浪費。
加強工程機械管理的對策
3.1 建立健全工程機械設備管理機構，落實機械設備管 理製度
首shou先xian，工gong程cheng施shi工gong企qi業ye要yao認ren識shi到dao機ji械xie設she備bei管guan理li工gong作zuo的de重zhong要yao性xing，建jian立li專zhuan門men的de機ji械xie設she備bei管guan理li機ji構gou，配pei備bei專zhuan業ye人ren員yuan負fu責ze機ji械xie設she備bei管guan理li工gong作zuo，健jian全quan機ji械xie設she備bei管guan理li製zhi度du，將jiang設she備bei管guan理li工gong作zuo職zhi責ze權quan限xian落luo實shi到dao人ren，建jian立li機ji械xie設she備bei台tai賬zhang，做zuo好hao設she備bei技ji術shu檔dang案an等deng基ji礎chu性xing工gong作zuo。其qi次ci，要yao統tong籌chou規gui劃hua，合he理li配pei置zhi機ji械xie設she備bei資zi源yuan。要yao將jiang工gong程cheng管guan理li與yu機ji械xie設she備bei管guan理li工gong作zuo有you機ji結jie合he起qi來lai，根gen據ju不bu同tong工gong程cheng的de施shi工gong質zhi量liang和he工gong期qi要yao求qiu，合he理li調tiao配pei機ji械xie設she備bei，提ti高gao機ji械xie設she備bei的de使shi用yong率lv，創chuang新xin工gong程cheng機ji械xie設she備bei的de管guan控kong方fang式shi，對dui工gong程cheng機ji械xie設she備bei加jia強qiang管guan理li，全quan麵mian提ti升sheng工gong程cheng機ji械xie設she備bei的de管guan控kong效xiao果guo。
3.2 加強對機械設備的保養和維護，延長設備壽命
在zai工gong程cheng機ji械xie設she備bei的de整zheng個ge生sheng命ming周zhou期qi過guo程cheng中zhong，都dou要yao高gao度du重zhong視shi對dui其qi養yang護hu工gong作zuo，一yi方fang麵mian可ke以yi提ti高gao機ji械xie設she備bei的de施shi工gong質zhi量liang，保bao證zheng工gong程cheng施shi工gong過guo程cheng中zhong的de安an全quan，另ling一yi方fang麵mian可ke以yi延yan長chang機ji械xie設she備bei的de使shi用yong壽shou命ming，降jiang低di工gong程cheng施shi工gong企qi業ye的de運yun營ying成cheng本ben，因yin此ci，工gong程cheng機ji械xie設she備bei的de養yang護hu工gong作zuo是shi非fei常chang重zhong要yao的de。首shou先xian，要yao建jian立li機ji械xie設she備bei保bao養yang維wei護hu製zhi度du規gui範fan，積ji極ji落luo實shi保bao養yang維wei護hu製zhi度du，根gen據ju不bu同tong機ji械xie設she備bei的de特te征zheng及ji保bao養yang需xu求qiu，建jian立li機ji械xie設she備bei維wei護hu與yu保bao養yang工gong作zuo計ji劃hua與yu工gong作zuo日ri誌zhi，確que保bao養yang護hu責ze任ren落luo實shi到dao人ren，最zui大da程cheng度du減jian小xiao機ji械xie設she備bei的de故gu障zhang率lv。其qi次ci，要yao從cong長chang遠yuan的de角jiao度du重zhong視shi機ji械xie設she備bei的de養yang護hu工gong作zuo，避bi免mian出chu現xian機ji械xie設she備bei長chang期qi超chao負fu荷he運yun作zuo的de現xian象xiang，加jia強qiang對dui於yu機ji械xie設she備bei操cao作zuo人ren員yuan的de安an全quan與yu技ji術shu培pei訓xun工gong作zuo，杜du絕jue各ge種zhong違wei規gui操cao作zuo造zao成cheng的de機ji械xie設she備bei故gu障zhang現xian象xiang的de發fa生sheng。最zui後hou，要yao確que保bao在zai合he理li的de時shi間jian內nei維wei修xiu機ji械xie設she備bei。采cai取qu“計劃維修”與“預防性維修”相xiang結jie合he的de維wei修xiu製zhi度du，科ke學xue合he理li的de安an排pai設she備bei維wei修xiu工gong作zuo。計ji劃hua維wei修xiu根gen據ju機ji械xie損sun壞huai和he零ling件jian磨mo損sun規gui律lv，按an照zhao工gong作zuo時shi間jian，定ding期qi對dui設she備bei實shi施shi強qiang製zhi保bao修xiu項xiang目mu;預防性維修堅持“定期檢查，按需修理”的原則，按照維修對象的實際計劃狀況，通過定期檢查，避免了漏拆漏檢導致的失保失修。
3.3 加強對於機械設備管理工作的培訓力度
suizhexiandaikejidebuduanfazhan，jixieshebeiyezaibuduangengxinhuandai，qizidonghuachengdujiangyuelaiyuegao，jishuhanliangyeyuelaiyuezhong。yinci，shigongqiyeyaoxiangconggenbenshangtigaoquantiguanliheweixiurenyuandezhuanyejishusuzhi，jiadajishupeixunlidu，xuanbahepeiyangyipidongjishu、會管理的綜合型人才，以滿足企業的發展需要。施工企業要有重點地組織由設備管理、維修、操作人員共同參加的設備管理研討會，大家集思廣益，出謀獻計，形成學技術、鑽業務的氛圍。並根據施工的具體情況，采用專題講座、參觀學習等形式，及時推廣、宣傳有實效的經驗體會，以點帶麵，逐步提高企業各級人員理論知識水平和實際操作技能。
結語
隨(sui)著(zhe)社(she)會(hui)的(de)進(jin)步(bu)，科(ke)學(xue)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，在(zai)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)建(jian)築(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)當(dang)中(zhong)，設(she)備(bei)所(suo)起(qi)的(de)效(xiao)用(yong)愈(yu)漸(jian)明(ming)顯(xian)，在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)當(dang)中(zhong)施(shi)工(gong)設(she)備(bei)的(de)現(xian)場(chang)管(guan)理(li)愈(yu)來(lai)愈(yu)受(shou)到(dao)關(guan)注(zhu)。任(ren)何(he)設(she)備(bei)投(tou)入(ru)使(shi)用(yong)後(hou)都(dou)會(hui)不(bu)可(ke)避(bi)免(mian)地(di)出(chu)現(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)，在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)，隻(zhi)要(yao)我(wo)們(men)加(jia)強(qiang)設(she)備(bei)管(guan)理(li)，合(he)理(li)科(ke)學(xue)地(di)使(shi)用(yong)、及時到位地保養、適時準確地維修，就能有效地降低故障發生，提高有效利用率，進而在一定程度上最大限度地挖掘機械設備的使用價值。
