大型塔機安全監控係統的研製

 

力矩信號是塔機安全監控中*重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)參(can)數(shu)，它(ta)直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)塔(ta)機(ji)的(de)安(an)全(quan)，監(jian)控(kong)力(li)矩(ju)是(shi)否(fou)超(chao)載(zai)是(shi)防(fang)止(zhi)塔(ta)機(ji)司(si)機(ji)誤(wu)操(cao)作(zuo)及(ji)疏(shu)忽(hu)操(cao)作(zuo)而(er)引(yin)起(qi)塔(ta)機(ji)惡(e)性(xing)事(shi)故(gu)的(de)保(bao)障(zhang)。以(yi)往(wang)的(de)力(li)矩(ju)保(bao)護(hu)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)電(dian)子(zi)式(shi)重(zhong)量(liang)
，幅(fu)度(du)力(li)矩(ju)限(xian)製(zhi)弓(gong)板(ban)式(shi)行(xing)程(cheng)開(kai)關(guan)力(li)矩(ju)限(xian)製(zhi)器(qi)等(deng)方(fang)式(shi)
，存(cun)在(zai)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)差(cha)精(jing)度(du)低(di)重(zhong)複(fu)性(xing)差(cha)不(bu)能(neng)連(lian)續(xu)直(zhi)觀(guan)顯(xian)等(deng)缺(que)點(dian)。本(ben)係(xi)統(tong)采(cai)用(yong)位(wei)移(yi)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)直(zhi)接(jie)檢(jian)測(ce)弓(gong)形(xing)板(ban)位(wei)移(yi)，采(cai)用(yong)西(xi)門(men)子(zi)可(ke)編(bian)程(cheng)序(xu)控(kong)製(zhi)器(qi)彩(cai)色(se)觸(chu)摸(mo)屏(ping)作(zuo)為(wei)核(he)心(xin)處(chu)理(li)及(ji)終(zhong)端(duan)顯(xian)部(bu)件(jian)，在(zai)係(xi)統(tong)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)精(jing)度(du)及(ji)顯(xian)直(zhi)觀(guan)性(xing)上(shang)有(you)了(le)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)提(ti)聞(wen)。

 

在zai力li矩ju傳chuan感gan器qi的de選xuan擇ze上shang

，我wo們men選xuan用yong了le差cha動dong變bian壓ya器qi好hao可ke靠kao性xing高gao重zhong複fu性xing好hao精jing度du高gao等deng特te點dian。針zhen對dui塔ta機ji露lu天tian工gong況kuang
，我wo們men在zai傳chuan感gan器qi外wai殼ke上shang加jia裝zhuang了le絕jue緣yuan護hu套tao
，采cai用yong環huan氧yang樹shu脂zhi灌guan封feng
，提ti高gao了le防fang護hu等deng級ji，保bao證zheng其qi長chang期qi可ke靠kao的de運yun行xing。

 

由於3150塔ta機ji大da機ji構gou均jun采cai用yong變bian頻pin調tiao速su，且qie在zai吊diao重zhong下xia放fang時shi位wei能neng負fu載zai能neng量liang回hui饋kui電dian網wang
，因yin此ci電dian網wang供gong電dian存cun在zai較jiao嚴yan重zhong的de高gao次ci諧xie波bo幹gan擾rao，對dui監jian控kong係xi統tong的de正zheng常chang工gong作zuo有you較jiao大da的de影ying響xiang。我wo們men設she計ji了le隔ge離li型xing帶dai屏ping蔽bi電dian源yuan變bian壓ya器qi
，隔ge離li電dian網wang引yin入ru的de幹gan擾rao，同tong時shi充chong分fen考kao慮lv因yin電dian機ji大da電dian流liu啟qi動dong造zao成cheng的de電dian壓ya突tu降jiang，為wei監jian控kong係xi統tong提ti供gong幹gan淨jing穩wen定ding的de電dian源yuan。

 

womengenjuyiwangzaigongkongyishangdeshejijingyanzixingkaifaletaodianlumokuai
，caiyongleduozhongxinxingkouxinpianjigezhongkangganraocuoshi。zaidianlushejishangcaiyongxinxingdianyuanxinpianweichuanganqijifangdadianlugongdian
，pinlvtexinglianghaodetandianronglvchujianfengganrao
；放大電路部分，設計了多塊高精度低漂移進口冗芯片完成有源濾波放大調節等功能；lingwaizaiyinzhidianlubanshejijixitongyuanbujianbujushang
，chongfenkaolvdianyuanxianxinhaoxianjigemokuaidepailiebuzhi
，caiyongpingbidianlanlianjiegexinhaoxian
，fangzhixinhaodexianghuganrao。

 

本係統的核心控製部分采用西門子57xiliekebianchengxukongzhiqijikuozhanmokuai。gaibufenwanchenglegeluxinhaodemoshuzhuanhuanshujuchulijidianshuchukongzhiyuchumopingdeshujushudingxingdechanpin
，erbuyaobeimouxiegainianhuadehuo**格的產品所迷惑。

 

3售shou後hou服fu務wu隻zhi要yao不bu是shi次ci性xing產chan品pin，都dou會hui存cun在zai服fu務wu的de問wen
，因yin此ci在zai選xuan擇ze配pei料liao控kong製zhi係xi統tong時shi尤you其qi得de考kao慮lv售shou後hou服fu務wu
，如ru果guo引yin進jin國guo外wai設she備bei
，盡jin管guan國guo外wai公gong司si售shou後hou服fu務wu較jiao好hao，有you些xie還hai在zai國guo內nei設she定ding了le辦ban事shi處chu，但dan畢bi竟jing是shi兩liang個ge國guo家jia，涉she及ji海hai關guan商shang檢jian外wai彙hui換huan算suan國guo際ji運yun輸shu等deng較jiao為wei麻ma煩fan的de手shou續xu，有you叫jiao不bu應ying的de感gan覺jiao，因yin此ci應ying選xuan擇ze具ju有you良liang好hao的de售shou後hou服fu務wu曆li史shi速su反fan應ying的de

，備bei用yong備bei件jian容rong易yi解jie決jue，交jiao貨huo期qi快kuai的de企qi業ye所suo提ti供gong的de配pei料liao控kong製zhi產chan品pin，否fou則ze味wei考kao慮lv價jia格ge低di概gai念nian新xin，碰peng上shang那na些xie買mai前qian熱re情qing如ru火huo，賣mai後hou冷leng若ruo冰bing霜shuang或huo不bu人ren影ying的de公gong司si，不bu但dan耽dan誤wu生sheng產chan，而er且qie給gei企qi業ye造zao成cheng不bu良liang的de信xin譽yu，這zhe是shi尤you其qi值zhi得de注zhu意yi的de。

 

我(wo)國(guo)商(shang)品(pin)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)行(xing)業(ye)正(zheng)在(zai)較(jiao)快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)
，產(chan)品(pin)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)企(qi)業(ye)投(tou)資(zi)規(gui)模(mo)大(da)，技(ji)術(shu)改(gai)造(zao)生(sheng)產(chan)繁(fan)，設(she)備(bei)需(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)大(da)，高(gao)品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)商(shang)品(pin)，製(zhi)造(zao)設(she)備(bei)
，市(shi)場(chang)前(qian)景(jing)非(fei)常(chang)廣(guang)闊(kuo)，這(zhe)給(gei)建(jian)機(ji)行(xing)業(ye)帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)極(ji)好(hao)的(de)機(ji)遇(yu)，同(tong)時(shi)對(dui)於(yu)用(yong)戶(hu)來(lai)說(shuo)，隻(zhi)要(yao)選(xuan)擇(ze)性(xing)價(jia)比(bi)好(hao)性(xing)能(neng)又(you)穩(wen)定(ding)可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)

，且(qie)有(you)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)售(shou)後(hou)服(fu)務(wu)以(yi)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)商(shang)業(ye)背(bei)景(jing)和(he)實(shi)力(li)的(de)公(gong)司(si)合(he)作(zuo)，就(jiu)能(neng)夠(gou)取(qu)得(de)相(xiang)當(dang)滿(man)意(yi)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)益(yi)。

 

通(tong)訊(xun)等(deng)功(gong)能(neng)。係(xi)統(tong)在(zai)檢(jian)測(ce)弓(gong)形(xing)板(ban)位(wei)移(yi)時(shi)，由(you)於(yu)塔(ta)機(ji)的(de)彈(dan)性(xing)變(bian)形(xing)
，其(qi)變(bian)形(xing)量(liang)在(zai)起(qi)吊(diao)後(hou)數(shu)十(shi)秒(miao)內(nei)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)尖(jian)峰(feng)值(zhi)及(ji)震(zhen)蕩(dang)，類(lei)似(si)於(yu)階(jie)躍(yue)響(xiang)應(ying)。在(zai)，軟(ruan)件(jian)設(she)計(ji)上(shang)
，設(she)計(ji)數(shu)字(zi)濾(lv)波(bo)程(cheng)序(xu)，消(xiao)除(chu)震(zhen)蕩(dang)及(ji)瞬(shun)時(shi)幹(gan)擾(rao)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)讀(du)數(shu)誤(wu)差(cha)及(ji)誤(wu)動(dong)作(zuo)報(bao)警(jing)。

 

係xi統tong輸shu入ru輸shu出chu的de非fei線xian性xing對dui係xi統tong精jing度du的de影ying響xiang是shi本ben次ci專zhuan研yan究jiu的de重zhong點dian和he難nan點dian，在zai我wo院yuan孫sun在zai魯lu研yan究jiu員yuan的de指zhi導dao下xia，考kao慮lv到dao從cong起qi吊diao力li矩ju輸shu入ru到dao弓gong形xing板ban位wei移yi輸shu出chu電dian路lu調tiao理li部bu分fen線xian性xing精jing度du很hen高gao，可ke不bu考kao慮lv過guo程cheng中zhong產chan生sheng的de非fei線xian性xing誤wu差cha，孫sun總zong指zhi導dao我wo們men采cai用yong泰tai勒le級ji數shu展zhan開kai多duo項xiang式shi對dui曲qu線xian進jin行xing擬ni合he
，以yi保bao證zheng係xi統tong的de精jing度du。其qi公gong式shi如ru下xia另ling參can考kao有you關guan書shu籍ji文wen獻xian中zhong曲qu線xian擬ni合he的de方fang法fa，在zai實shi驗yan中zhong采cai取qu*小乘法擬合曲線，即分別起吊額定力矩的01009585等多點力矩值，得到多組MX數據並列出相應的法方程
，通過克萊姆法則求解行列式
，可得到常數人1心心。

 

針對起吊後產生的*大超調值可能引起繼電保護輸出動作，而實際力矩穩定後數值並未過載，必須在軟件設計上進行處理
，防止可能產生的誤動作。

 

tajideqidiaozhongliangyeshifeichangzhongyaodecanshuzhi，womenjiejiandeguolibohaiertajijiankongfangan，caiyongzhouxiaoshidianzuyingbianpianshichuanganqicelianggangsishengdezhanglibianhua，jiehedangqiandebeilvcanshujisuanchuqidiaozhongliang，kezaiduiyingbeilvzhuangtaixiaxianzhiduiyingdeqidiaozhongliang。

 

小xiao車che幅fu度du吊diao鉤gou高gao度du信xin號hao采cai用yong高gao精jing度du電dian位wei器qi測ce量liang鋼gang絲si繩sheng滾gun筒tong的de角jiao度du位wei移yi量liang，風feng速su信xin號hao采cai用yong標biao準zhun風feng速su傳chuan感gan器qi產chan生sheng脈mai衝chong

，以yi上shang信xin號hao經jing信xin號hao調tiao理li電dian路lu處chu理li後hou，輸shu入ru至zhi可ke編bian程cheng序xu控kong製zhi器qi轉zhuan換huan為wei數shu字zi量liang在zai進jin行xing運yun算suan處chu理li。

 

本(ben)係(xi)統(tong)實(shi)現(xian)了(le)係(xi)統(tong)故(gu)障(zhang)自(zi)診(zhen)斷(duan)功(gong)能(neng)，係(xi)統(tong)上(shang)電(dian)後(hou)將(jiang)對(dui)各(ge)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)觸(chu)摸(mo)屏(ping)電(dian)路(lu)及(ji)連(lian)線(xian)進(jin)行(xing)自(zi)檢(jian)，若(ruo)力(li)矩(ju)等(deng)各(ge)路(lu)信(xin)號(hao)電(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)在(zai)正(zheng)常(chang)範(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)涑(su)鏨(zan)
，獗(jue)
，警(jing)此(ci)時(shi)繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)輸(shu)出(chu)不(bu)動(dong)作(zuo)，觸(chu)摸(mo)屏(ping)中(zhong)文(wen)信(xin)息(xi)條(tiao)將(jiang)提(ti)司(si)機(ji)對(dui)應(ying)信(xin)號(hao)回(hui)路(lu)有(you)故(gu)障(zhang)需(xu)要(yao)檢(jian)修(xiu)，防(fang)止(zhi)因(yin)回(hui)路(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)造(zao)成(cheng)係(xi)統(tong)過(guo)載(zai)而(er)不(bu)能(neng)繼(ji)電(dian)報(bao)警(jing)保(bao)護(hu)。此(ci)時(shi)係(xi)統(tong)自(zi)動(dong)將(jiang)故(gu)障(zhang)信(xin)息(xi)永(yong)久(jiu)保(bao)存(cun)在(zai)觸(chu)摸(mo)屏(ping)內(nei)

，以(yi)備(bei)日(ri)後(hou)查(zha)詢(xun)。

 

在(zai)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)終(zhong)端(duan)顯(xian)上(shang)，采(cai)用(yong)了(le)與(yu)，涮(shuan)椎(zhui)奈(nai)髏(lou)
，子(zi)彩(cai)色(se)觸(chu)摸(mo)屏(ping)。該(gai)設(she)備(bei)集(ji)顯(xian)和(he)按(an)鍵(jian)於(yu)體(ti)，體(ti)積(ji)小(xiao)重(zhong)量(liang)輕(qing)
，畫(hua)麵(mian)清(qing)晰(xi)美(mei)觀(guan)，全(quan)中(zhong)文(wen)界(jie)麵(mian)，司(si)機(ji)操(cao)作(zuo)直(zhi)觀(guan)簡(jian)單(dan)。我(wo)們(men)利(li)用(yong)西(xi)門(men)子(zi)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)觸(chu)摸(mo)屏(ping)設(she)計(ji)軟(ruan)件(jian)，在(zai)，個(ge)人(ren)電(dian)腦(nao)上(shang)組(zu)態(tai)所(suo)需(xu)功(gong)能(neng)，然(ran)後(hou)下(xia)載(zai)至(zhi)觸(chu)摸(mo)屏(ping)。

 

我們在觸摸屏上設計了動態光柱顯畫麵數字顯畫麵故障信息提畫麵係統調試畫麵實時力矩變化曲線等功能畫麵。觸摸屏實時動態采樣，10的de各ge參can數shu數shu據ju並bing顯xian對dui應ying數shu值zhi，同tong時shi轉zhuan換huan為wei動dong態tai光guang柱zhu的de顏yan色se填tian充chong。當dang參can數shu超chao過guo設she定ding值zhi時shi將jiang變bian化hua顏yan色se並bing閃shan爍shuo報bao警jing，並bing將jiang數shu據ju自zi動dong保bao存cun在zai觸chu摸mo屏ping存cun儲chu器qi內nei永yong久jiu保bao存cun。可ke永yong久jiu存cun儲chu當dang前qian過guo載zai值zhi其qi他ta各ge路lu參can數shu當dang前qian值zhi當dang前qian時shi間jian和he日ri期qi，過guo載zai消xiao除chu後hou再zai存cun儲chu恢hui複fu時shi刻ke的de數shu據ju可ke保bao存cun千qian次ci以yi上shang的de數shu據ju。此ci黑hei匣xia功gong能neng可ke在zai事shi故gu發fa生sheng後hou對dui存cun儲chu數shu據ju進jin行xing分fen析xi，查zha找zhao事shi故gu原yuan因yin及ji責ze任ren。

 

本係統在完成實驗室調試後，安裝在中聯重科16020型(xing)塔(ta)機(ji)上(shang)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)調(tiao)試(shi)和(he)實(shi)驗(yan)，通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)硬(ying)軟(ruan)件(jian)驗(yan)完(wan)成(cheng)後(hou)交(jiao)付(fu)給(gei)塔(ta)機(ji)司(si)機(ji)使(shi)用(yong)，進(jin)行(xing)了(le)近(jin)兩(liang)個(ge)月(yue)的(de)工(gong)業(ye)考(kao)核(he)，係(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行(xing)直(zhi)穩(wen)定(ding)可(ke)靠(kao)
，能(neng)夠(gou)為(wei)司(si)機(ji)正(zheng)確(que)指(zhi)各(ge)路(lu)參(can)數(shu)。此(ci)後(hou)係(xi)統(tong)安(an)裝(zhuang)至(zhi)湘(xiang)潭(tan)江(jiang)麓(lu)廠(chang)試(shi)製(zhi)的(de)3150咖橋機上，經調試後係統正常工作
，並於2000年12月(yue)順(shun)利(li)通(tong)過(guo)建(jian)設(she)部(bu)驗(yan)收(shou)，經(jing)專(zhuan)家(jia)評(ping)審(shen)認(ren)為(wei)該(gai)專(zhuan)從(cong)本(ben)專(zhuan)係(xi)統(tong)完(wan)成(cheng)後(hou)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)來(lai)看(kan)，本(ben)專(zhuan)的(de)設(she)置(zhi)基(ji)本(ben)上(shang)是(shi)合(he)理(li)的(de)科(ke)學(xue)性(xing)較(jiao)強(qiang)。它(ta)涉(she)及(ji)了(le)我(wo)國(guo)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)械(xie)中(zhong)的(de)安(an)全(quan)問(wen)，提(ti)出(chu)的(de)目(mu)標(biao)達(da)到(dao)了(le)國(guo)際(ji)上(shang)90niandaibenxitongcunzaidezhuyaowenshichengbenjiaogao
，zhegeituiguangyingyongdailaidingdekunnan。dangenjuwomenyanzhizongjiedejingyanlaikan，ruguozhuazhuzhuyaomaodun，tuchuyaohaicanshurulijuhezhongliang，jiangchengbenjiangdidaowoguotajixingyekeyijieshoudeshuipingshiwanquankenengde。

 

1計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)常(chang)用(yong)算(suan)法(fa)第(di)版(ban)徐(xu)士(shi)良(liang)編(bian)著(zhu)清(qing)華(hua)大(da)學(xue)出(chu)版(ban)社(she)文(wen)獻(xian)機(ji)械(xie)力(li)矩(ju)限(xian)製(zhi)器(qi)全(quan)力(li)矩(ju)取(qu)矩(ju)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)確(que)定(ding)鄭(zheng)奠(dian)文(wen)獻(xian)安(an)全(quan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)應(ying)具(ju)備(bei)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)王(wang)積(ji)永(yong)宋(song)世(shi)軍(jun)