規範采購人行為的對策措施

采購人不規範行為的表現形式

政府采購領域采購人不規範行為的易發環節基本涵蓋了政府采購行為的全過程：一是采購項目委托環節選擇與己“配合”的采購代理機構。由於采購人有權自行選擇代理機構，有的采購人看“誰聽話，誰配合”，jiuxuanquqizuoweizhengfucaigouzhaobiaodailijigou
，chuxianmoqiweituo。ershicaigouwenjianbianzhihuanjie。caigourenzaiquedingcaigouxuqiushishezhiqishixingtiaokuanhuoyinbixingtiaokuan，jiangzhengfucaigouxiangmuhuazhengweiling

，fenduanzhijie，weiyixianggongyingshang“量身定做”。三是采購信息公開環節。采購人不公開或部分公開應公開的采購信息，人為製造信息不對稱
，為意向供應商提供中標環境，破壞公開、公正

、公gong平ping原yuan則ze。四si是shi采cai購gou評ping審shen環huan節jie。采cai購gou人ren在zai抽chou取qu專zhuan家jia時shi以yi不bu規gui範fan手shou段duan選xuan擇ze性xing地di抽chou取qu專zhuan家jia

，或huo將jiang評ping審shen專zhuan家jia名ming單dan在zai評ping標biao前qian泄xie露lu給gei其qi他ta采cai購gou當dang事shi人ren
；評(ping)審(shen)標(biao)準(zhun)不(bu)公(gong)開(kai)或(huo)評(ping)分(fen)因(yin)素(su)權(quan)重(zhong)具(ju)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)傾(qing)向(xiang)性(xing)，采(cai)購(gou)人(ren)代(dai)表(biao)以(yi)傾(qing)向(xiang)性(xing)意(yi)見(jian)誤(wu)導(dao)專(zhuan)家(jia)評(ping)審(shen)工(gong)作(zuo)
，致(zhi)使(shi)評(ping)審(shen)專(zhuan)家(jia)違(wei)反(fan)評(ping)審(shen)規(gui)則(ze)進(jin)行(xing)評(ping)審(shen)
，以(yi)確(que)保(bao)有(you)關(guan)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)中(zhong)標(biao)或(huo)成(cheng)交(jiao)。五(wu)是(shi)確(que)認(ren)中(zhong)標(biao)環(huan)節(jie)。采(cai)購(gou)人(ren)不(bu)按(an)法(fa)定(ding)程(cheng)序(xu)確(que)定(ding)中(zhong)標(biao)或(huo)成(cheng)交(jiao)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)，以(yi)達(da)到(dao)違(wei)規(gui)中(zhong)標(biao)或(huo)成(cheng)交(jiao)的(de)目(mu)的(de)。六(liu)是(shi)合(he)同(tong)簽(qian)訂(ding)環(huan)節(jie)。采(cai)購(gou)人(ren)與(yu)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)簽(qian)訂(ding)偏(pian)離(li)和(he)降(jiang)低(di)招(zhao)標(biao)文(wen)件(jian)和(he)投(tou)標(biao)文(wen)件(jian)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)合(he)同(tong)。七(qi)是(shi)履(lv)行(xing)合(he)同(tong)和(he)驗(yan)收(shou)環(huan)節(jie)。采(cai)購(gou)人(ren)因(yin)中(zhong)意(yi)的(de)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)未(wei)中(zhong)標(biao)，而(er)提(ti)出(chu)苛(ke)刻(ke)條(tiao)件(jian)拒(ju)收(shou)中(zhong)標(biao)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)商(shang)品(pin)
，從(cong)而(er)達(da)到(dao)取(qu)消(xiao)中(zhong)標(biao)供(gong)應(ying)商(shang)資(zi)格(ge)的(de)目(mu)的(de)；采購人與中標供應商串通一氣，驗收環節馬虎潦草，以劣充優，以次充好；采購人在采購商品驗收合格後故意拖延付款，以獲取供應商好處。

不規範行為產生的原因

由(you)於(yu)采(cai)購(gou)人(ren)是(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)行(xing)政(zheng)事(shi)業(ye)單(dan)位(wei)
，是(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)購(gou)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)之(zhi)一(yi)，其(qi)地(di)位(wei)特(te)殊(shu)，在(zai)政(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)購(gou)活(huo)動(dong)中(zhong)處(chu)於(yu)主(zhu)動(dong)地(di)位(wei)，負(fu)責(ze)政(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)購(gou)計(ji)劃(hua)的(de)編(bian)製(zhi)，相(xiang)關(guan)招(zhao)標(biao)技(ji)術(shu)參(can)數(shu)的(de)提(ti)出(chu)
，報(bao)送(song)政(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)購(gou)相(xiang)關(guan)數(shu)據(ju)，選(xuan)擇(ze)委(wei)托(tuo)采(cai)購(gou)代(dai)理(li)機(ji)構(gou)，確(que)認(ren)采(cai)購(gou)結(jie)果(guo)和(he)簽(qian)訂(ding)政(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)購(gou)合(he)同(tong)等(deng)特(te)殊(shu)權(quan)力(li)。而(er)現(xian)行(xing)政(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)購(gou)製(zhi)度(du)對(dui)采(cai)購(gou)人(ren)和(he)采(cai)購(gou)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)管(guan)理(li)約(yue)束(shu)力(li)不(bu)強(qiang)，采(cai)購(gou)人(ren)違(wei)規(gui)操(cao)作(zuo)風(feng)險(xian)成(cheng)本(ben)低(di)等(deng)。三(san)、規範采購人行為的對策措施

針對采購人存在的不規範行為及其原因，結合我國實際，建議完善政府采購管理製度，健全相關配套辦法。當前，可著力采取以下措施：

實shi行xing政zheng府fu采cai購gou預yu算suan管guan理li製zhi度du，按an計ji劃hua采cai購gou。采cai購gou人ren在zai編bian製zhi年nian度du部bu門men預yu算suan的de同tong時shi編bian製zhi政zheng府fu采cai購gou預yu算suan
，政zheng府fu采cai購gou預yu算suan由you財cai政zheng部bu門men彙hui總zong並bing按an規gui定ding程cheng序xu報bao批pi
，一yi經jing批pi複fu下xia達da，不bu得de隨sui意yi變bian更geng。各ge單dan位wei根gen據ju批pi複fu的de政zheng府fu采cai購gou預yu算suan編bian製zhi政zheng府fu采cai購gou分fen月yue計ji劃hua表biao，由you政zheng府fu采cai購gou辦ban公gong室shi進jin行xing審shen核he彙hui編bian，根gen據ju規gui模mo效xiao益yi的de管guan理li需xu要yao
，對dui常chang規gui通tong用yong品pin目mu的de采cai購gou時shi間jian和he采cai購gou標biao準zhun作zuo出chu適shi當dang調tiao整zheng
，將jiang相xiang同tong標biao準zhun的de采cai購gou項xiang目mu放fang在zai同tong一yi時shi間jian統tong一yi采cai購gou，變bian零ling星xing小xiao額e采cai購gou為wei規gui模mo采cai購gou
，減jian少shao重zhong複fu勞lao動dong，提ti高gao工gong作zuo效xiao率lv與yu資zi金jin效xiao益yi。采cai購gou人ren必bi須xu按an照zhao批pi準zhun的de計ji劃hua進jin行xing采cai購gou。

把公開招標作為政府采購的主要采購方式。凡屬集中采購目錄以內或是限額標準以上
，且性能需求相同、采(cai)購(gou)資(zi)金(jin)量(liang)大(da)的(de)項(xiang)目(mu)，原(yuan)則(ze)上(shang)必(bi)須(xu)采(cai)用(yong)公(gong)開(kai)招(zhao)標(biao)方(fang)式(shi)。采(cai)購(gou)人(ren)不(bu)得(de)將(jiang)應(ying)當(dang)以(yi)公(gong)開(kai)招(zhao)標(biao)方(fang)式(shi)采(cai)購(gou)的(de)貨(huo)物(wu)或(huo)者(zhe)服(fu)務(wu)化(hua)整(zheng)為(wei)零(ling)或(huo)者(zhe)利(li)用(yong)其(qi)他(ta)任(ren)何(he)方(fang)式(shi)規(gui)避(bi)公(gong)開(kai)招(zhao)標(biao)采(cai)購(gou)。

tuijinbiaoshufanbenhuagongzuo。zhaobiaowenjiandebiaozhunhuashiguifancaigouhuodongdezhongyaoneirong，gejijianguanbumenyaoducucaigoudailijigouzhidinggeleitongyibiaozhundecaigouwenjian，tongyigeshi，tongyibiaozhun。fangzhicaigourenhetoubiaorenzhijiandechuantong，yeyouliyupingweidegongzuo。

做好合同的履約和備案管理。一是采購人與中標、成交供應商應當按照采購文件確定的事項簽訂政府采購合同。政府采購合同內容應當依據采購文件的要求和中標、成交供應商的投標
、報價文件的承諾確定，不得違背其實質性條款
，不得擅自變更或終止政府采購合同。二是政府采購合同訂立後7個ge工gong作zuo日ri內nei
，采cai購gou人ren應ying當dang將jiang合he同tong副fu本ben報bao政zheng府fu采cai購gou監jian管guan部bu門men備bei案an，政zheng府fu采cai購gou監jian管guan部bu門men要yao對dui合he同tong的de主zhu要yao條tiao款kuan一yi一yi與yu招zhao標biao文wen件jian和he投tou標biao人ren的de投tou標biao文wen件jian進jin行xing核he對dui，對dui不bu按an規gui定ding要yao求qiu簽qian訂ding的de合he同tong，財cai政zheng部bu門men一yi律lv拒ju付fu采cai購gou資zi金jin。

加強監管。一是加強專業監管。財政部門要利用《政府采購法》和《財政違法行為處罰處分條例》dengfalvwuqi，qianghuazhengfucaigoujianguan，duicaigourendeweifaweiguicaigouxingweiyifazhachu
，zengdazhengfucaigourendeweifaweiguichengben，zengqiangcaigourenyifacaigouyishi，duiqibufaxingweizaixinwenmeitishanggongkaipuguang，shiqichouxingwudizirong，zengqiangzhengfucaigoudezhensheli。ershijiaqiangzonghejianguan。gexingzhengjiandubumenyingzhanzaiweihuguojialiyiheshehuigonggongliyi
，tigaozhengfucaigouzijinshiyongxiaoyi，guifanzhengfucaigouxingwei，cujinlianzhengjianshedequanjugaodu，yucaizhengbumenqizhuagongguan，tonglihezuo，duizhengfucaigourendehuodongjinxingzonghejianguan，zhezhongduicaigouchengxuzhixingqingkuangdejianguan，jiangchulirenyuchulishiyoujijiehe，jiangxingzhengshouduan、經濟手段、falvshouduanyoujijiehe

，jiadachufalidu，duizhengfucaigoudangshirendebufaxingweiyaoyifazhuijiuqixiangyingzeren，qianghuawenzejizhi，weihuzhengfucaigoudequanweixing。sanshijiaqiangshehuijiandu。kaipiduozhongshehuijianduqudao
，gulishehuigongzhongyifaduicaigourenweifaweiguixingweikonggaohejianju，pinqingshehuixingyejianduyuan，canyuzhengfucaigouhuodongdejianguan，wanshanjubaojizhi
，fahuishehuijianduzuoyong，zengqiangzhengfucaigoudetoumingdu，rangcaigourendebuguifanxingweiwuchuzangshen
，youxiaodiweihuguojialiyiheshehuigongzhong